Leviticus 5:15

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:15 Anima si prævaricans ceremonias, per errorem in his, quæ Domino sunt sanctificata, peccaverit, offeret pro delicto suo arietem immaculatum de gregibus, qui emi potest duobus siclis, iuxta pondus Sanctuarii:

If a soul, transgressing the ceremonies, should sin by error in the things that are holy to the LORD, he shall offer for his offense an unblemished ram from the flock, which can be bought for two shekels, according to the weight of the Sanctuary;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Anima soul NOUN, NOM.SG.F
2 si if CONJ
3 prævaricans transgressing PTCP, PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.F
4 ceremonias ceremonies NOUN, ACC.SG.F
5 per through PREP+ACC
6 errorem error NOUN, ACC.SG.M
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 his in the things PRON, ABL.PL.N
9 quæ which PRON, NOM.PL.N
10 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M
11 sunt are VERB, 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
12 sanctificata sanctified PTCP, PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.N
13 peccaverit she should sin VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
14 offeret she shall offer VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 pro for PREP+ABL
16 delicto offense NOUN, ABL.SG.N
17 suo her PRON, ABL.SG.N
18 arietem ram NOUN, ACC.SG.M
19 immaculatum unblemished ADJ, ACC.SG.M
20 de from PREP+ABL
21 gregibus the flocks NOUN, ABL.PL.M
22 qui which PRON, NOM.SG.M
23 emi to be bought INF, PRES.PASS
24 potest can VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
25 duobus with two ADJ, ABL.PL.M
26 siclis shekels NOUN, ABL.PL.M
27 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
28 pondus weight NOUN, ACC.SG.N
29 Sanctuarii of the Sanctuary NOUN, GEN.SG.N

Syntax

Anima si prævaricans… peccaverit — conditional protasis and apodosis; anima is the feminine subject.
per errorem — indicates the manner of transgression.
in his quæ Domino sunt sanctificata — relative clause modifying his, identifying sacred items.
offeret… arietem immaculatum — main legal requirement.
qui emi potest — relative clause describing the ram.
iuxta pondus Sanctuarii — specifies valuation by sanctuary standards.

Morphology

  1. Anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: soul; Notes: generic term for a person; governs feminine agreement.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces a conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: standard conditional marker.
  3. prævaricans — Lemma: prævaricor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active nominative singular feminine; Function: describes subject’s transgression; Translation: transgressing; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  4. ceremonias — Lemma: ceremonia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of prævaricans; Translation: ceremonies; Notes: cultic regulations.
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses means; Translation: through; Notes: denotes inadvertent cause.
  6. errorem — Lemma: error; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: error; Notes: accidental transgression.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location within sphere of holy things; Translation: in; Notes: common cultic usage.
  8. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: in the things; Notes: refers to sacred items.
  9. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: relative subject; Translation: which; Notes: introduces a defining clause.
  10. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  11. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: forms predicate; Translation: are; Notes: links items to sanctificata.
  12. sanctificata — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive nominative plural neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: sanctified; Notes: describes consecrated objects.
  13. peccaverit — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: apodosis of condition; Translation: she should sin; Notes: expresses completed wrongdoing.
  14. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main legal requirement; Translation: she shall offer; Notes: covenantal prescription.
  15. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks purpose/substitution; Translation: for; Notes: indicates expiatory purpose.
  16. delicto — Lemma: delictum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of pro; Translation: offense; Notes: ritual transgression.
  17. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies delicto; Translation: her; Notes: reflexive to anima.
  18. arietem — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: ram; Notes: sacrificial animal.
  19. immaculatum — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies arietem; Translation: unblemished; Notes: required purity.
  20. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates origin; Translation: from; Notes: source of offering.
  21. gregibus — Lemma: grex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: flocks; Notes: livestock category.
  22. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to arietem.
  23. emi — Lemma: emo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to be bought; Notes: valuation clause.
  24. potest — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: governs infinitive; Translation: can; Notes: expresses possibility.
  25. duobus — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies siclis; Translation: with two; Notes: monetary specification.
  26. siclis — Lemma: siclus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of price; Translation: shekels; Notes: standard sanctuary currency.
  27. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses accordance; Translation: according to; Notes: normative measurement.
  28. pondus — Lemma: pondus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: weight; Notes: sanctuary scale standard.
  29. Sanctuarii — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: specifies the standard; Translation: of the Sanctuary; Notes: sacred valuation system.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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