Leviticus 5:14

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:14 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and spoken PTCP, PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M
2 est was VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus LORD NOUN, NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses NOUN, ACC.SG.M
6 dicens saying PTCP, PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Locutusque est Dominus — main clause; LORD is the subject, locutus est the verbal unit meaning “spoke.”
ad Moysen — prepositional phrase marking the indirect object.
dicens — circumstantial participle introducing forthcoming speech.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect deponent nominative singular masculine with enclitic -que; Function: forms the main verbal idea with est; Translation: and spoken; Notes: deponent participle expressing completed verbal action.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary to the deponent participle; Translation: was; Notes: completes the periphrastic perfect.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH; hence “LORD.”
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks the recipient of the speech; Translation: to; Notes: standard marker for direction toward a person.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: Greek-derived declension pattern.
  6. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces direct speech; Translation: saying; Notes: circumstantial participle signaling an upcoming command.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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