Leviticus 5:17

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:17 Anima si peccaverit per ignorantiam, feceritque unum ex his quæ Domini lege prohibentur, et peccati rea intellexerit iniquitatem suam,

If a soul sins through ignorance, and does one of the things which are forbidden by the law of the LORD, and being guilty of sin he recognizes his own iniquity,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Anima soul NOUN, NOM.SG.F
2 si if CONJ
3 peccaverit she sins VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 per through PREP+ACC
5 ignorantiam ignorance NOUN, ACC.SG.F
6 feceritque and does VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
7 unum one ADJ, ACC.SG.N
8 ex of PREP+ABL
9 his these things PRON, ABL.PL.N
10 quæ which PRON, ACC.PL.N
11 Domini of the LORD NOUN, GEN.SG.M
12 lege by the law NOUN, ABL.SG.F
13 prohibentur are forbidden VERB, 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND
14 et and CONJ
15 peccati of sin NOUN, GEN.SG.N
16 rea guilty ADJ, NOM.SG.F
17 intellexerit she recognizes VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
18 iniquitatem iniquity NOUN, ACC.SG.F
19 suam her own PRON, ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Anima si peccaverit… feceritque… — compound protasis with anima as feminine subject.
per ignorantiam — expresses manner: sin through ignorance.
unum ex his quæ… prohibentur — object of fecerit; relative clause defines forbidden acts.
peccati rea — nominative predicate describing her culpability.
intellexerit iniquitatem suam — apodosis: recognition of guilt.

Morphology

  1. Anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: soul; Notes: governs feminine agreement.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: standard conditional marker.
  3. peccaverit — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: first verb of protasis; Translation: she sins; Notes: expresses potential completed act.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks manner; Translation: through; Notes: denotes inadvertence.
  5. ignorantiam — Lemma: ignorantia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: ignorance; Notes: unintentional cause.
  6. feceritque — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative with -que; Function: second verb in protasis; Translation: and does; Notes: joins two conditions.
  7. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of fecerit; Translation: one; Notes: refers to one act.
  8. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive; Translation: of; Notes: expresses selection.
  9. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: these things; Notes: refers to prohibitions.
  10. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: relative object; Translation: which; Notes: introduces forbidden acts.
  11. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: subjective genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  12. lege — Lemma: lex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: by the law; Notes: legal authority.
  13. prohibentur — Lemma: prohibeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present passive indicative; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: are forbidden; Notes: legal prohibition.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: joins protasis to apodosis.
  15. peccati — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: objective genitive with rea; Translation: of sin; Notes: specifies type of guilt.
  16. rea — Lemma: reus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective modifying anima; Translation: guilty; Notes: legal designation.
  17. intellexerit — Lemma: intelligo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: apodosis action; Translation: she recognizes; Notes: acknowledgment of guilt.
  18. iniquitatem — Lemma: iniquitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: iniquity; Notes: personal wrongdoing.
  19. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies iniquitatem; Translation: her own; Notes: reflexive to anima.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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