Leviticus 5:18

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:18 offeret arietem immaculatum de gregibus sacerdoti, iuxta mensuram, æstimationemque peccati: qui orabit pro eo, quia nesciens fecerit: et dimittetur ei,

he shall offer an unblemished ram from the flock to the priest, according to the measure and valuation of the offense; who shall pray for him because he did it unknowingly; and he shall be forgiven,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 offeret she shall offer VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 arietem ram NOUN, ACC.SG.M
3 immaculatum unblemished ADJ, ACC.SG.M
4 de from PREP+ABL
5 gregibus the flocks NOUN, ABL.PL.M
6 sacerdoti to the priest NOUN, DAT.SG.M
7 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
8 mensuram the measure NOUN, ACC.SG.F
9 æstimationemque and the valuation NOUN, ACC.SG.F + ENCLITIC
10 peccati of the offense NOUN, GEN.SG.N
11 qui who PRON, NOM.SG.M
12 orabit shall pray VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 pro for PREP+ABL
14 eo him PRON, ABL.SG.M
15 quia because CONJ
16 nesciens unknowingly PTCP, PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M
17 fecerit he did VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
18 et and CONJ
19 dimittetur he shall be forgiven VERB, 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
20 ei to him PRON, DAT.SG.M

Syntax

offeret arietem immaculatum de gregibus sacerdoti — anima (implied feminine subject) performs the offering; arietem = direct object; sacerdoti = indirect object.
iuxta mensuram, aestimationemque peccati — valuation formula defining the offering.
qui orabit pro eo — masculine relative pronoun qui refers to sacerdos; eo refers to the offerer.
quia nesciens fecerit — causal clause explaining guilt.
et dimittetur ei — divine passive, forgiveness granted to the offerer.

Morphology

  1. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb with anima as implied subject; Translation: she shall offer; Notes: legal prescription.
  2. arietem — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: ram; Notes: sacrificial animal.
  3. immaculatum — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies arietem; Translation: unblemished; Notes: required purity.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: origin; Translation: from; Notes: indicates source.
  5. gregibus — Lemma: grex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: flocks; Notes: sacrificial category.
  6. sacerdoti — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the priest; Notes: mediator of offering.
  7. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses accordance; Translation: according to; Notes: valuation standard.
  8. mensuram — Lemma: mensura; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: measure; Notes: valuation term.
  9. æstimationemque — Lemma: aestimatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine with -que; Function: second object of iuxta; Translation: and valuation; Notes: legal appraisal.
  10. peccati — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies valuation; Translation: of the offense; Notes: defines severity.
  11. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers to the priest.
  12. orabit — Lemma: oro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future active indicative; Function: priestly intercession; Translation: shall pray; Notes: ritual intercession.
  13. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: benefactive; Translation: for; Notes: sacrificial advocacy.
  14. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of pro; Translation: him; Notes: the offerer receives benefit of prayer.
  15. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: because; Notes: explains guilt type.
  16. nesciens — Lemma: nescio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active nominative singular masculine; Function: describes agent of fecerit; Translation: unknowingly; Notes: emphasizes unintentional sin.
  17. fecerit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: action under review; Translation: he did; Notes: refers to completed act.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces forgiveness clause; Translation: and; Notes: transitions into divine passive.
  19. dimittetur — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future passive indicative; Function: divine passive; Translation: he shall be forgiven; Notes: forgiveness formula in Leviticus.
  20. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of forgiveness; Translation: to him; Notes: recipient of absolution.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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