Numeri 10:22 (Numbers 10:22)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:22 Moverunt castra et filii Ephraim per turmas suas, in quorum exercitu princeps erat Elisama filius Ammiud.

And the sons of Ephraim moved the camps by their companies, in whose host the leader was Elisama the son of Ammiud.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Moverunt they moved 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
2 castra camps ACC.PL.N
3 et and CONJ
4 filii sons NOM.PL.M
5 Ephraim Ephraim INDECL
6 per by PREP+ACC
7 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
8 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
9 in in PREP+ABL
10 quorum whose GEN.PL.M.REL
11 exercitu host ABL.SG.M
12 princeps leader NOM.SG.M
13 erat was 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
14 Elisama Elishama INDECL
15 filius son NOM.SG.M
16 Ammiud Ammihud INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: filii Ephraim (subject) + Moverunt (main verb) + castra (direct object) + per turmas suas (prepositional phrase of arrangement).

Relative Clause: in quorum exercitu princeps erat Elisama filius Ammiud — identifies the leader within the group.

Phrase: in quorum exercitu — prepositional phrase indicating the sphere of leadership.

Phrase: filius Ammiud — appositional phrase indicating lineage.

Morphology

  1. Moverunt — Lemma: moveo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they moved; Notes: Indicates completed action of breaking camp.
  2. castra — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: camps; Notes: Plural-only noun referring to encampments.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: and; Notes: Links clause elements.
  4. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to tribal members.
  5. Ephraim — Lemma: Ephraim; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Ephraim; Notes: Identifies the tribe.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces arrangement; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates grouping.
  7. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: Organized divisions.
  8. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive to subject.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location or sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates context of leadership.
  10. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: whose; Notes: Refers to filii.
  11. exercitu — Lemma: exercitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: host; Notes: Refers to organized military group.
  12. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of erat; Translation: leader; Notes: Chief authority.
  13. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: was; Notes: Describes past state.
  14. Elisama — Lemma: Elisama; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Elisama; Notes: Name of the leader.
  15. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: son; Notes: Indicates lineage.
  16. Ammiud — Lemma: Ammiud; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Ammiud; Notes: Identifies the father.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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