Numeri 10:25 (Numbers 10:25)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:25 Novissimi castrorum omnium profecti sunt filii Dan per turmas suas, in quorum exercitu princeps fuit Ahiezer filius Ammisaddai.

The last of all the camps have set out, the sons of Dan, by their companies, in whose host the leader was Ahiezer the son of Ammisaddai.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Novissimi last NOM.PL.M.SUPER
2 castrorum of camps GEN.PL.N
3 omnium all GEN.PL.N
4 profecti having set out PERF.PTCP.DEP.NOM.PL.M
5 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
6 filii sons NOM.PL.M
7 Dan Dan INDECL
8 per by PREP+ACC
9 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
10 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
11 in in PREP+ABL
12 quorum whose GEN.PL.M.REL
13 exercitu host ABL.SG.M
14 princeps leader NOM.SG.M
15 fuit was 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
16 Ahiezer Ahiezer INDECL
17 filius son NOM.SG.M
18 Ammisaddai Ammishaddai INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: filii Dan (subject) + profecti sunt (perfect deponent verbal expression) + per turmas suas (prepositional phrase of arrangement).

Modifier: Novissimi castrorum omnium — adjective phrase describing the subject as the last among all the camps.

Relative Clause: in quorum exercitu princeps fuit Ahiezer filius Ammisaddai — identifies the leader.

Phrase: filius Ammisaddai — appositional phrase indicating lineage.

Morphology

  1. Novissimi — Lemma: novissimus; Part of Speech: adjective (substantive); Form: nominative plural masculine superlative degree; Function: modifier of filii; Translation: last; Notes: Indicates final position in sequence.
  2. castrorum — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of camps; Notes: Specifies group among which they are last.
  3. omnium — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: modifies castrorum; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  4. profecti — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle deponent nominative plural masculine; Function: part of perfect with sunt; Translation: having set out; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning.
  5. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: they are; Notes: Forms perfect tense with participle.
  6. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to tribal members.
  7. Dan — Lemma: Dan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Dan; Notes: Identifies the tribe.
  8. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces arrangement; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates grouping.
  9. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: Organized divisions.
  10. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive to subject.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates context.
  12. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: whose; Notes: Refers back to filii.
  13. exercitu — Lemma: exercitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: host; Notes: Refers to organized group.
  14. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of fuit; Translation: leader; Notes: Chief authority.
  15. fuit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: was; Notes: Indicates completed past state.
  16. Ahiezer — Lemma: Ahiezer; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Ahiezer; Notes: Name of the leader.
  17. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: son; Notes: Indicates lineage.
  18. Ammisaddai — Lemma: Ammisaddai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Ammisaddai; Notes: Identifies the father.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.