Nm 12:9 Iratusque contra eos, abiit:
And having become angry against them, He departed;
| # |
Latin |
Gloss |
Grammar Tag |
| 1 |
Iratusque |
and having become angry |
NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP.DEP |
| 2 |
contra |
against |
PREP+ACC |
| 3 |
eos |
them |
ACC.PL.M PERS |
| 4 |
abiit |
departed |
3SG.PERF.ACT.IND |
Syntax
Main Clause: abiit is the main verb, with an implied subject (the LORD). The participial phrase Iratusque contra eos modifies the subject, expressing the state or circumstance accompanying the action.
Phrase: contra eos functions as a prepositional phrase indicating the object of anger.
Morphology
- Iratusque — Lemma: irascor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle deponent with enclitic -que; Function: participial modifier of the subject; Translation: and having become angry; Notes: The participle expresses a completed emotional state prior to the main action, while -que smoothly links it to the following verb.
- contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces object of anger; Translation: against; Notes: Indicates direction of hostility.
- eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine personal pronoun; Function: object of contra; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the individuals previously addressed.
- abiit — Lemma: abeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: departed; Notes: The perfect tense marks decisive withdrawal following the expression of anger.
About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus
Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546.
The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.