Numeri 13:21 (Numbers 13:21)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:21 humus, pinguis an sterilis, nemorosa an absque arboribus. Confortamini, et afferte nobis de fructibus Terræ. Erat autem tempus quando iam præcoquæ uvæ vesci possunt.

the soil, whether rich or barren, wooded or without trees. Be strengthened, and bring to us from the fruits of the Land.” Now it was the time when already the early grapes can be eaten.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 humus soil NOM.SG.F
2 pinguis rich NOM.SG.F
3 an or CONJ
4 sterilis barren NOM.SG.F
5 nemorosa wooded NOM.SG.F
6 an or CONJ
7 absque without PREP+ABL
8 arboribus trees ABL.PL.F
9 Confortamini be strengthened 2PL.PRES.PASS.IMP.MOOD
10 et and CONJ
11 afferte bring 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
12 nobis to us DAT.PL PERS
13 de from PREP+ABL
14 fructibus fruits ABL.PL.M
15 Terræ of the Land GEN.SG.F
16 Erat was 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
17 autem however CONJ
18 tempus time NOM.SG.N
19 quando when ADV
20 iam already ADV
21 præcoquæ early-ripe NOM.PL.F
22 uvæ grapes NOM.PL.F
23 vesci to be eaten PRES.INF.PASS
24 possunt can 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Elliptical Phrase: humus pinguis an sterilis continues the inquiry about the land.

Elliptical Phrase: nemorosa an absque arboribus adds a second descriptive contrast.

Command: Confortamini et afferte nobis de fructibus Terræ issues instructions.

Main Clause: Erat autem tempus introduces temporal setting.

Subordinate Clause: quando iam præcoquæ uvæ vesci possunt describes the season.

Morphology

  1. humus — Lemma: humus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of implied clause; Translation: soil; Notes: Continues examination of land quality.
  2. pinguis — Lemma: pinguis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: rich; Notes: First descriptive option.
  3. an — Lemma: an; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Contrasts options.
  4. sterilis — Lemma: sterilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: barren; Notes: Opposes pinguis.
  5. nemorosa — Lemma: nemorosus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: wooded; Notes: Describes vegetation.
  6. an — Lemma: an; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Contrasts condition.
  7. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces absence; Translation: without; Notes: Expresses lack.
  8. arboribus — Lemma: arbor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine third declension; Function: object of absque; Translation: trees; Notes: Specifies vegetation.
  9. Confortamini — Lemma: conforto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive imperative second person plural; Function: command; Translation: be strengthened; Notes: Encouragement.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects commands; Translation: and; Notes: Adds instruction.
  11. afferte — Lemma: affero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second person plural; Function: command; Translation: bring; Notes: Instruction.
  12. nobis — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: to us; Notes: Recipient.
  13. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin.
  14. fructibus — Lemma: fructus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine fourth declension; Function: object of de; Translation: fruits; Notes: Items to be brought.
  15. Terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine first declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the Land; Notes: Specifies source.
  16. Erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: was; Notes: Sets past context.
  17. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: however; Notes: Adds explanation.
  18. tempus — Lemma: tempus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter third declension; Function: subject; Translation: time; Notes: Indicates season.
  19. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces clause; Translation: when; Notes: Temporal relation.
  20. iam — Lemma: iam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies verb; Translation: already; Notes: Indicates timing.
  21. præcoquæ — Lemma: præcoquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies uvæ; Translation: early-ripe; Notes: Describes grapes.
  22. uvæ — Lemma: uva; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine first declension; Function: subject of clause; Translation: grapes; Notes: Seasonal produce.
  23. vesci — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present infinitive deponent; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to eat; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning.
  24. possunt — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: can; Notes: Expresses ability.

 

Numeri 13:21 (Numbers 13:21) = Numeri 13:20 (Numbers 13:20)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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