Numeri 13:23 (Numbers 13:23)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

23 Ascenderuntque ad meridiem, et venerunt in Hebron, ubi erant Achiman et Sisai et Tholmai filii Enac. nam Hebron septem annis ante Tanim urbem Ægypti condita est.

And they went up to the south, and they came into Hebron, where were Achiman and Sisai and Tholmai, the sons of Enac. For Hebron was founded seven years before Tanim, the city of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ascenderuntque and they went up 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
2 ad to PREP+ACC
3 meridiem the south ACC.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 venerunt they came 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
6 in into PREP+ACC
7 Hebron Hebron ACC.SG.INDECL
8 ubi where ADV
9 erant were 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
10 Achiman Ahiman NOM.SG.M
11 et and CONJ
12 Sisai Sheshai NOM.SG.M
13 et and CONJ
14 Tholmai Talmai NOM.SG.M
15 filii sons NOM.PL.M
16 Enac Anak GEN.SG.INDECL
17 nam for CONJ
18 Hebron Hebron NOM.SG.INDECL
19 septem seven INDECL
20 annis years ABL.PL.M
21 ante before PREP+ACC
22 Tanim Zoan ACC.SG.INDECL
23 urbem city ACC.SG.F
24 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F
25 condita having been founded NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
26 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: Ascenderuntque ad meridiem describes movement.

Second Clause: venerunt in Hebron continues the narrative.

Relative Clause: ubi erant Achiman et Sisai et Tholmai filii Enac describes inhabitants.

Explanatory Clause: nam Hebron septem annis ante Tanim urbem Ægypti condita est provides historical context.

Morphology

  1. Ascenderuntque — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person plural with enclitic; Function: main verb; Translation: and they went up; Notes: Narrative progression.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces direction; Translation: to; Notes: Marks movement.
  3. meridiem — Lemma: meridies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine fifth declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: the south; Notes: Direction.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Adds sequence.
  5. venerunt — Lemma: venio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person plural; Function: verb; Translation: they came; Notes: Completed motion.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces direction; Translation: into; Notes: Marks destination.
  7. Hebron — Lemma: Hebron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular indeclinable; Function: object of in; Translation: Hebron; Notes: Location.
  8. ubi — Lemma: ubi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces clause; Translation: where; Notes: Relative location.
  9. erant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person plural; Function: verb; Translation: were; Notes: Past state.
  10. Achiman — Lemma: Achiman; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Achiman; Notes: One of the inhabitants.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects; Translation: and; Notes: Coordination.
  12. Sisai — Lemma: Sisai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Sisai; Notes: Inhabitant.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects; Translation: and; Notes: Coordination.
  14. Tholmai — Lemma: Tholmai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Tholmai; Notes: Inhabitant.
  15. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine second declension; Function: apposition; Translation: sons; Notes: Indicates lineage.
  16. Enac — Lemma: Enac; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Enac; Notes: Father.
  17. nam — Lemma: nam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: explanatory; Translation: for; Notes: Introduces explanation.
  18. Hebron — Lemma: Hebron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular indeclinable; Function: subject; Translation: Hebron; Notes: City.
  19. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies annis; Translation: seven; Notes: Quantity.
  20. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: ablative of time; Translation: years; Notes: Time reference.
  21. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: before; Notes: Temporal relation.
  22. Tanim — Lemma: Tanim; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular indeclinable; Function: object of ante; Translation: Tanim; Notes: City. St. Jerome used the form Tanis (rendered as Tanim in the Latin accusative case) because he followed the precedent of the Septuagint (LXX), which had already substituted the Hebrew Zoan with the city’s well-known Greek name to make the geography intelligible to a Mediterranean audience.
  23. urbem — Lemma: urbs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine third declension; Function: apposition; Translation: city; Notes: Clarifies Tanim.
  24. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine first declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: Location.
  25. condita — Lemma: condo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate; Translation: having been founded; Notes: Indicates completed action.
  26. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: Forms perfect passive.

 

Numeri 13:23 (Numbers 13:23) = Numeri 13:22 (Numbers 13:22)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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