Numeri 14:29 (Numbers 14:29)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:29 In solitudine hac iacebunt cadavera vestra. Omnes qui numerati estis a viginti annis et supra, et murmurastis contra me,

In this wilderness your corpses shall lie. All you who were numbered from twenty years and above, and you who murmured against me,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 In in PREP+ABL
2 solitudine wilderness ABL.SG.F
3 hac this DEM.ABL.SG.F
4 iacebunt they will lie 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
5 cadavera corpses NOM.PL.N
6 vestra your POSS.NOM.PL.N
7 Omnes all NOM.PL.M
8 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
9 numerati having been numbered PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS
10 estis you have been 2PL.PRES.ACT.IND
11 a from PREP+ABL
12 viginti twenty INDECL
13 annis years ABL.PL.M
14 et and CONJ
15 supra above ADV
16 et and CONJ
17 murmurastis you murmured 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
18 contra against PREP+ACC
19 me me ACC.SG.1P.PERS

Syntax

Main Clause: cadavera vestra is the subject, with vestra modifying cadavera, and iacebunt is the future verb describing their state.

Prepositional Phrase: In solitudine hac indicates location, with In governing the ablative.

Relative Clause: Omnes qui numerati estis identifies the group addressed, with numerati estis forming a passive periphrastic perfect.

Prepositional Phrase: a viginti annis et supra expresses age range, with a governing the ablative.

Coordinated Clause: et murmurastis contra me adds a further description of the same group, with contra me marking opposition.

Morphology

  1. In — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing ablative; Function: Introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: Used with ablative to indicate static position.
  2. solitudine — Lemma: solitudo; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative feminine singular, third declension; Function: Object of In; Translation: wilderness; Notes: Refers to a desolate or uninhabited place.
  3. hac — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: Ablative feminine singular; Function: Modifies solitudine; Translation: this; Notes: Specifies the particular wilderness being referenced.
  4. iacebunt — Lemma: iaceo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural future active indicative, second conjugation; Function: Main verb; Translation: they will lie; Notes: Indicates future state of lifeless bodies.
  5. cadavera — Lemma: cadaver; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative neuter plural, third declension; Function: Subject of iacebunt; Translation: corpses; Notes: Neuter plural subject takes plural verb agreement.
  6. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Nominative neuter plural; Function: Modifies cadavera; Translation: your; Notes: Agrees with cadavera in gender, number, and case.
  7. Omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Subject of relative clause; Translation: all; Notes: Refers collectively to persons.
  8. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to Omnes.
  9. numerati — Lemma: numero; Part of Speech: Verb participle; Form: Perfect passive participle nominative masculine plural, first conjugation; Function: Part of periphrastic passive with estis; Translation: having been numbered; Notes: Indicates completed action affecting the subject.
  10. estis — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second person plural present active indicative; Function: Auxiliary verb; Translation: you have been; Notes: Completes passive periphrastic construction.
  11. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing ablative; Function: Introduces measure or starting point; Translation: from; Notes: Marks age threshold.
  12. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Indeclinable cardinal number; Function: Modifies annis; Translation: twenty; Notes: Used with ablative of measure.
  13. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative masculine plural, second declension; Function: Object of a; Translation: years; Notes: Expresses age in ablative construction.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects elements; Translation: and; Notes: Links age phrase and subsequent qualifier.
  15. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies age expression; Translation: above; Notes: Extends the age range beyond stated number.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links relative clause with additional predicate.
  17. murmurastis — Lemma: murmuro; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second person plural perfect active indicative, first conjugation; Function: Verb of coordinated clause; Translation: you murmured; Notes: Indicates completed action of complaint.
  18. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing accusative; Function: Introduces object of opposition; Translation: against; Notes: Expresses hostility or opposition.
  19. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: Accusative singular first person; Function: Object of contra; Translation: me; Notes: Refers to the speaker receiving the complaint.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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