Numeri 14:34 (Numbers 14:34)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:34 iuxta numerum quadraginta dierum, quibus considerastis Terram: annus pro die imputabitur. Et quadraginta annis recipietis iniquitates vestras, et scietis ultionem meam:

according to the number of forty days, in which you explored the Land: a year for a day shall be reckoned. And for forty years you shall receive your iniquities, and you shall know my vengeance;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
2 numerum number ACC.SG.M
3 quadraginta forty INDECL
4 dierum of days GEN.PL.M
5 quibus in which REL.ABL.PL.M
6 considerastis you examined 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Terram the Land ACC.SG.F
8 annus year NOM.SG.M
9 pro for PREP+ABL
10 die day ABL.SG.M
11 imputabitur shall be reckoned 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
12 Et and CONJ
13 quadraginta forty INDECL
14 annis years ABL.PL.M
15 recipietis you will receive 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
16 iniquitates iniquities ACC.PL.F
17 vestras your POSS.ACC.PL.F
18 et and CONJ
19 scietis you will know 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
20 ultionem vengeance ACC.SG.F
21 meam my POSS.ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Prepositional Phrase: iuxta numerum quadraginta dierum establishes the standard of calculation, with iuxta governing the accusative.

Relative Clause: quibus considerastis Terram modifies dierum, specifying the days in which the Land was explored.

Main Clause: annus pro die imputabitur expresses equivalence, with annus as subject and imputabitur as passive verb.

Coordinated Clause: Et quadraginta annis recipietis iniquitates vestras indicates duration and consequence, with annis as ablative of time.

Final Clause: et scietis ultionem meam expresses resulting knowledge, with ultionem meam as the direct object.

Morphology

  1. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing accusative; Function: Introduces standard; Translation: according to; Notes: Expresses conformity or proportion.
  2. numerum — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative masculine singular, second declension; Function: Object of iuxta; Translation: number; Notes: Refers to calculated quantity.
  3. quadraginta — Lemma: quadraginta; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies dierum; Translation: forty; Notes: Specifies count.
  4. dierum — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive masculine plural, fifth declension; Function: Genitive dependent on numerum; Translation: of days; Notes: Indicates partitive or descriptive genitive.
  5. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Ablative masculine plural; Function: Introduces relative clause; Translation: in which; Notes: Refers to dierum.
  6. considerastis — Lemma: considero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second person plural perfect active indicative, first conjugation; Function: Verb of relative clause; Translation: you examined; Notes: Indicates completed action of inspection.
  7. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine singular, first declension; Function: Direct object of considerastis; Translation: the Land; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
  8. annus — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative masculine singular, second declension; Function: Subject; Translation: year; Notes: Represents unit of punishment.
  9. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing ablative; Function: Introduces equivalence; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates substitution or exchange.
  10. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative masculine singular, fifth declension; Function: Object of pro; Translation: day; Notes: Establishes proportional relation.
  11. imputabitur — Lemma: imputo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person singular future passive indicative, first conjugation; Function: Main verb; Translation: shall be reckoned; Notes: Passive indicates divine reckoning.
  12. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links related consequences.
  13. quadraginta — Lemma: quadraginta; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies annis; Translation: forty; Notes: Specifies duration.
  14. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative masculine plural, second declension; Function: Ablative of time; Translation: years; Notes: Indicates length of punishment.
  15. recipietis — Lemma: recipio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second person plural future active indicative, third conjugation; Function: Verb; Translation: you will receive; Notes: Indicates experiencing consequences.
  16. iniquitates — Lemma: iniquitas; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine plural, third declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: iniquities; Notes: Refers to moral wrongdoing.
  17. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Accusative feminine plural; Function: Modifies iniquitates; Translation: your; Notes: Agrees in case, number, and gender.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Introduces additional result.
  19. scietis — Lemma: scio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second person plural future active indicative, fourth conjugation; Function: Verb; Translation: you will know; Notes: Indicates experiential knowledge.
  20. ultionem — Lemma: ultio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: vengeance; Notes: Refers to divine retribution.
  21. meam — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Accusative feminine singular; Function: Modifies ultionem; Translation: my; Notes: Emphasizes source of vengeance.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.