Numeri 16:19 (Numbers 16:19)

Posted on May 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 16:19 et coacervassent adversum eos omnem multitudinem ad ostium tabernaculi, apparuit cunctis gloria Domini.

and they had gathered against them the whole multitude at the entrance of the tabernacle, the glory of the LORD appeared to all.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 coacervassent they had gathered 3PL.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 adversum against PREP+ACC
4 eos them PRON ACC.PL.M
5 omnem all ADJ ACC.SG.F
6 multitudinem multitude NOUN ACC.SG.F
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 ostium entrance NOUN ACC.SG.N
9 tabernaculi of the tabernacle NOUN GEN.SG.N
10 apparuit appeared 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 cunctis to all ADJ DAT.PL.M
12 gloria glory NOUN NOM.SG.F
13 Domini of the LORD NOUN GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Temporal/Background Clause: et coacervassent adversum eos omnem multitudinem ad ostium tabernaculi — prior action describing gathering against them

Verb: coacervassent — pluperfect subjunctive indicating completed action in subordinate context

Object: omnem multitudinem — the entire assembled group

Prepositional Phrase: adversum eos — direction of opposition

Prepositional Phrase: ad ostium tabernaculi — location of gathering

Main Clause: apparuit gloria Domini — divine manifestation

Indirect Object: cunctis — those who witnessed

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continues narrative sequence.
  2. coacervassent — Lemma: coacervo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect tense active voice subjunctive mood third person plural; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: they had gathered; Notes: denotes completed prior action.
  3. adversum — Lemma: adversum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: introduces opposition; Translation: against; Notes: expresses hostility.
  4. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: them; Notes: refers to Moyses and Aaron.
  5. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies multitudinem; Translation: all; Notes: emphasizes totality.
  6. multitudinem — Lemma: multitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: multitude; Notes: collective noun.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: takes accusative; Function: introduces direction; Translation: to; Notes: indicates movement toward.
  8. ostium — Lemma: ostium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: entrance; Notes: doorway or opening.
  9. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: specifies sacred structure.
  10. apparuit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect tense active voice indicative mood third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: appeared; Notes: indicates sudden manifestation.
  11. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to all; Notes: refers to witnesses.
  12. gloria — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: glory; Notes: divine manifestation.
  13. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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