Numeri 16:46 (Numbers 16:46)

Posted on May 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 16:46 dixit Moyses ad Aaron: Tolle thuribulum, et hausto igne de altari, mitte incensum desuper, pergens cito ad populum ut roges pro eis: iam enim egressa est ira a Domino, et plaga desævit.

Moyses said to Aaron: “Take the censer, and having taken fire from the altar, place incense upon it, going quickly to the people so that you may make petition for them; for now wrath has gone out from the LORD, and the plague is raging.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M.INDECL
5 Tolle take 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
6 thuribulum censer ACC.SG.N
7 et and CONJ
8 hausto having taken ABL.SG.M.PTCP.PERF
9 igne fire ABL.SG.M
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 altari altar ABL.SG.N
12 mitte put 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
13 incensum incense ACC.SG.N
14 desuper upon it ADV
15 pergens going NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PRES
16 cito quickly ADV
17 ad to PREP+ACC
18 populum people ACC.SG.M
19 ut so that CONJ
20 roges you may ask 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
21 pro for PREP+ABL
22 eis them ABL.PL.M
23 iam now ADV
24 enim for CONJ
25 egressa having gone out NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PERF
26 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
27 ira wrath NOM.SG.F
28 a from PREP+ABL
29 Domino LORD ABL.SG.M
30 et and CONJ
31 plaga plague NOM.SG.F
32 desævit is raging 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: Moyses (subject) + dixit (verb) + ad Aaron (indirect object)

Imperative Sequence: Tolle thuribulum + mitte incensum desuper — direct commands.

Ablative Absolute: hausto igne de altari — circumstance, “after taking fire from the altar.”

Participial Phrase: pergens cito ad populum — describes manner and urgency.

Purpose Clause: ut roges pro eis — expresses intention.

Causal Clause: iam enim egressa est ira a Domino — explains urgency.

Coordinated Clause: et plaga desævit — describes the ongoing effect.

Morphology

  1. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: said; Notes: introduces command.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latin form retained.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: marks recipient.
  4. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine indeclinable; Function: object of preposition; Translation: Aaron; Notes: indeclinable form.
  5. Tolle — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: take; Notes: directive instruction.
  6. thuribulum — Lemma: thuribulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: censer; Notes: ritual vessel.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links commands; Translation: and; Notes: sequence.
  8. hausto — Lemma: haurio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: ablative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having taken; Notes: prior action.
  9. igne — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object in ablative absolute; Translation: fire; Notes: ritual fire.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: origin; Translation: from; Notes: indicates source.
  11. altari — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: altar; Notes: sacred place.
  12. mitte — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: put; Notes: directive.
  13. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: incense; Notes: offering material.
  14. desuper — Lemma: desuper; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies mitte; Translation: upon it; Notes: direction above.
  15. pergens — Lemma: pergo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular masculine present participle; Function: modifies subject; Translation: going; Notes: action in progress.
  16. cito — Lemma: cito; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies pergens; Translation: quickly; Notes: urgency.
  17. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: movement.
  18. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object; Translation: people; Notes: collective group.
  19. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: introduces intention.
  20. roges — Lemma: rogo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb; Translation: you may ask; Notes: expresses petition.
  21. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: relation; Translation: for; Notes: intercession.
  22. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object; Translation: them; Notes: refers to people.
  23. iam — Lemma: iam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies clause; Translation: now; Notes: immediacy.
  24. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: explains; Translation: for; Notes: causal.
  25. egressa — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect participle deponent; Function: subject complement; Translation: having gone out; Notes: refers to wrath.
  26. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: completes perfect construction.
  27. ira — Lemma: ira; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: wrath; Notes: divine anger.
  28. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: origin; Translation: from; Notes: source.
  29. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  30. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continuation.
  31. plaga — Lemma: plaga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: plague; Notes: affliction.
  32. desævit — Lemma: desævio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb; Translation: is raging; Notes: emphasizes violent outbreak.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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