Numeri 21:33 (Numbers 21:33)

Posted on May 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 21:33 Verteruntque se, et ascenderunt per viam Basan, et occurrit eis Og rex Basan cum omni populo suo, pugnaturus in Edrai.

And they turned themselves and ascended by the road of Basan, and Og king of Basan met them with all his people, intending to fight in Edrai.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Verteruntque and they turned 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 se themselves ACC.PL.REFL
3 et and CONJ
4 ascenderunt ascended 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
5 per by PREP+ACC
6 viam road ACC.SG.F
7 Basan of Bashan INDECL
8 et and CONJ
9 occurrit met 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 eis them DAT.PL
11 Og Og INDECL
12 rex king NOM.SG.M
13 Basan of Bashan INDECL
14 cum with PREP+ABL
15 omni all ABL.SG.M
16 populo people ABL.SG.M
17 suo his ABL.SG.M
18 pugnaturus about to fight FUT.ACT.PTCP.NOM.SG.M
19 in in PREP+ABL
20 Edrai Edrei INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Verteruntque se describes Israel changing direction.

Coordinate Clause: et ascenderunt per viam Basan narrates their movement toward Basan.

Route Phrase: per viam Basan specifies the path taken.

Main Encounter Clause: et occurrit eis Og rex Basan describes the confrontation with Og.

Accompaniment Phrase: cum omni populo suo indicates that Og came together with all his people.

Future Participial Phrase: pugnaturus in Edrai expresses Og’s intention to fight at Edrai.

Morphology

  1. Verteruntque — Lemma: verto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative with enclitic conjunction; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “and they turned”; Notes: the enclitic -que tightly links this movement to the preceding narrative.
  2. se — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural reflexive pronoun; Function: direct object of Verteruntque; Translation: “themselves”; Notes: emphasizes the deliberate change of direction.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins the two movement actions; Translation: “and”; Notes: links turning with ascending.
  4. ascenderunt — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: second narrative verb; Translation: “ascended”; Notes: commonly used for traveling upward geographically.
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces route phrase; Translation: “by”; Notes: expresses movement along a route.
  6. viam — Lemma: via; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: “road”; Notes: refers to the traveled route toward Basan.
  7. Basan — Lemma: Basan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: dependent geographical identifier; Translation: “of Basan”; Notes: fertile northern region east of the Jordan.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins travel narrative with encounter narrative; Translation: “and”; Notes: marks transition to military confrontation.
  9. occurrit — Lemma: occurro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main encounter verb; Translation: “met”; Notes: often implies hostile confrontation.
  10. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural demonstrative pronoun; Function: indirect object of occurrit; Translation: “them”; Notes: refers to Israel.
  11. Og — Lemma: Og; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: subject of occurrit; Translation: “Og”; Notes: king of Basan confronted by Israel.
  12. rex — Lemma: rex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Og; Translation: “king”; Notes: identifies Og’s royal authority.
  13. Basan — Lemma: Basan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: dependent identifier modifying rex; Translation: “of Basan”; Notes: identifies the kingdom ruled by Og.
  14. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment phrase; Translation: “with”; Notes: expresses association or accompaniment.
  15. omni — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies populo; Translation: “all”; Notes: emphasizes the total mobilization of Og’s forces.
  16. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “people”; Notes: refers collectively to Og’s army and subjects.
  17. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine possessive adjective; Function: modifies populo; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Og’s own people.
  18. pugnaturus — Lemma: pugno; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: participial modifier of Og; Translation: “about to fight”; Notes: expresses intention or imminent action.
  19. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces location phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: expresses place where the battle would occur.
  20. Edrai — Lemma: Edrai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: object of in; Translation: “Edrai”; Notes: city in Basan associated with Og’s final battle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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