Numeri 21:34 (Numbers 21:34)

Posted on May 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 21:34 Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Ne timeas eum, quia in manu tua tradidi illum, et omnem populum, ac terram eius: faciesque illi sicut fecisti Sehon regi Amorrhæorum habitatori Hesebon.

And the LORD said to Moyses: “Do not fear him, because I have delivered him into your hand, and all his people and his land; and you shall do to him just as you did to Sehon king of the Amorrhites, the inhabitant of Hesebon.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
5 Ne do not CONJ
6 timeas fear 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
7 eum him ACC.SG.M
8 quia because CONJ
9 in into PREP+ACC
10 manu hand ABL.SG.F
11 tua your ABL.SG.F
12 tradidi I have delivered 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
13 illum him ACC.SG.M
14 et and CONJ
15 omnem all ACC.SG.M
16 populum people ACC.SG.M
17 ac and CONJ
18 terram land ACC.SG.F
19 eius his GEN.SG
20 faciesque and you shall do 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
21 illi to him DAT.SG.M
22 sicut just as CONJ
23 fecisti you did 2SG.PERF.ACT.IND
24 Sehon to Sihon INDECL
25 regi king DAT.SG.M
26 Amorrhæorum of the Amorites GEN.PL.M
27 habitatori inhabitant DAT.SG.M
28 Hesebon of Heshbon INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus dixit ad Moysen introduces the divine speech addressed to Moyses.

Negative Command: Ne timeas eum commands Moyses not to fear Og.

Causal Clause: quia in manu tua tradidi illum gives the reason for confidence, namely divine deliverance.

Coordinate Objects: illum et omnem populum ac terram eius identifies all that has been delivered into Moyses’ hand.

Main Promise Clause: faciesque illi announces the future action against Og.

Comparative Clause: sicut fecisti Sehon regi Amorrhæorum compares the coming victory with the earlier defeat of Sehon.

Appositional Phrase: habitatori Hesebon further identifies Sehon as the inhabitant or ruler associated with Hesebon.

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative with enclitic conjunction; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “and said”; Notes: the enclitic -que links the divine speech with the preceding battle narrative.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of Dixitque; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH speaking covenant assurance.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces indirect object phrase; Translation: “to”; Notes: indicates direction of speech.
  4. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moyses”; Notes: recipient of the divine instruction.
  5. Ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: negative prohibitive conjunction; Function: introduces negative command; Translation: “do not”; Notes: regularly used with the subjunctive in prohibitions.
  6. timeas — Lemma: timeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of prohibition; Translation: “fear”; Notes: expresses a command against fear.
  7. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine demonstrative pronoun; Function: direct object of timeas; Translation: “him”; Notes: refers to Og king of Basan.
  8. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: “because”; Notes: explains the reason for confidence.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces idiomatic phrase; Translation: “into”; Notes: part of the idiom expressing power or control.
  10. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “hand”; Notes: symbolizes authority or military power.
  11. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine possessive adjective; Function: modifies manu; Translation: “your”; Notes: refers to Moyses as representative of Israel.
  12. tradidi — Lemma: trado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of causal clause; Translation: “I have delivered”; Notes: expresses certain divine grant of victory.
  13. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine demonstrative pronoun; Function: direct object of tradidi; Translation: “him”; Notes: refers specifically to Og.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins delivered objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: links Og with his people.
  15. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: “all”; Notes: emphasizes totality of the victory.
  16. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second direct object of tradidi; Translation: “people”; Notes: refers to Og’s subjects and army.
  17. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins additional object; Translation: “and”; Notes: stylistic variant of et.
  18. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: third direct object of tradidi; Translation: “land”; Notes: refers to Og’s territory.
  19. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular demonstrative pronoun; Function: modifies terram; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Og’s land.
  20. faciesque — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative with enclitic conjunction; Function: main future promise verb; Translation: “and you shall do”; Notes: foretells Israel’s coming victory over Og.
  21. illi — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine demonstrative pronoun; Function: indirect object of faciesque; Translation: “to him”; Notes: refers again to Og.
  22. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: comparative conjunction; Function: introduces comparison clause; Translation: “just as”; Notes: compares Og’s fate with Sehon’s.
  23. fecisti — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of comparative clause; Translation: “you did”; Notes: recalls the earlier defeat of Sehon.
  24. Sehon — Lemma: Sehon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: indirect object associated with fecisti; Translation: “to Sehon”; Notes: Amorite king already defeated by Israel.
  25. regi — Lemma: rex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Sehon; Translation: “king”; Notes: identifies Sehon’s royal office.
  26. Amorrhæorum — Lemma: Amorrhæus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies regi; Translation: “of the Amorrhites”; Notes: identifies the ethnic group ruled by Sehon.
  27. habitatori — Lemma: habitator; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Sehon; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: describes Sehon as ruler dwelling in Hesebon.
  28. Hesebon — Lemma: Hesebon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: dependent geographical identifier; Translation: “of Hesebon”; Notes: principal Amorite city formerly ruled by Sehon.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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