Numeri 21:35 (Numbers 21:35)

Posted on May 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 21:35 Percusserunt igitur et hunc cum filiis suis, universumque populum eius usque ad internecionem, et possederunt terram illius.

Therefore they struck this one also, with his sons and all his people, unto destruction, and they possessed his land.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Percusserunt they struck 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
2 igitur therefore CONJ
3 et also ADV
4 hunc this one ACC.SG.M
5 cum with PREP+ABL
6 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
7 suis his ABL.PL.M
8 universumque and all ACC.SG.M+CONJ
9 populum people ACC.SG.M
10 eius his GEN.SG
11 usque unto ADV
12 ad to PREP+ACC
13 internecionem destruction ACC.SG.F
14 et and CONJ
15 possederunt they possessed 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
16 terram land ACC.SG.F
17 illius his GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Percusserunt igitur et hunc describes Israel’s defeat of Og as a consequence of the LORD’s promise.

Accompaniment Phrase: cum filiis suis identifies Og’s sons as included in the defeat.

Coordinate Object: universumque populum eius adds all Og’s people as objects of the same destruction.

Extent Phrase: usque ad internecionem expresses the total extent of the defeat.

Coordinate Clause: et possederunt terram illius describes the resulting possession of Og’s land.

Morphology

  1. Percusserunt — Lemma: percutio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “they struck”; Notes: describes decisive military defeat.
  2. igitur — Lemma: igitur; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: inferential conjunction; Function: introduces consequence; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: connects the victory with the divine assurance previously given.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: additive adverbial use; Function: emphasizes inclusion; Translation: “also”; Notes: marks Og as receiving the same fate as Sehon.
  4. hunc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine demonstrative pronoun; Function: direct object of Percusserunt; Translation: “this one”; Notes: refers to Og king of Basan.
  5. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment phrase; Translation: “with”; Notes: indicates that Og’s sons shared his defeat.
  6. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “sons”; Notes: refers to Og’s male descendants or royal household.
  7. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine possessive adjective; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers back to Og.
  8. universumque — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine with enclitic conjunction; Function: modifies populum; Translation: “and all”; Notes: the enclitic -que adds the entire people to the object of defeat.
  9. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: coordinate direct object of Percusserunt; Translation: “people”; Notes: refers collectively to Og’s subjects and forces.
  10. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular demonstrative pronoun; Function: modifies populum; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Og as ruler of the people.
  11. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of extent; Function: intensifies the extent phrase; Translation: “unto”; Notes: marks the total limit of the destruction.
  12. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces extent or endpoint phrase; Translation: “to”; Notes: joins with usque to express the limit reached.
  13. internecionem — Lemma: internecio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “destruction”; Notes: denotes complete slaughter or annihilation in battle.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins defeat with possession; Translation: “and”; Notes: links military victory to territorial occupation.
  15. possederunt — Lemma: possideo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: second main narrative verb; Translation: “they possessed”; Notes: describes taking control of conquered territory.
  16. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of possederunt; Translation: “land”; Notes: refers to the territory formerly ruled by Og.
  17. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine demonstrative pronoun; Function: modifies terram; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Og and his kingdom of Basan.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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