Numeri 26:1 (Numbers 26:1)

Posted on May 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 26:1 Postquam noxiorum sanguis effusus est, dixit Dominus ad Moysen et Eleazarum filium Aaron sacerdotem:

After the blood of the guilty had been poured out, the LORD said to Moyses and to Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Postquam after CONJ
2 noxiorum of the guilty GEN.PL.M
3 sanguis blood NOM.SG.M
4 effusus poured out NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
5 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
6 dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
8 ad to PREP+ACC
9 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 Eleazarum Eleazar ACC.SG.M
12 filium son ACC.SG.M
13 Aaron Aaron INDECL.NOUN
14 sacerdotem priest ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Postquam noxiorum sanguis effusus est establishes the circumstance preceding the divine speech.

Subject: sanguis functions as the subject of effusus est.

Dependent Genitive: noxiorum modifies sanguis, identifying whose blood was shed.

Main Clause: dixit Dominus introduces the divine declaration.

Prepositional Phrase: ad Moysen et Eleazarum identifies the recipients of the LORD’s speech.

Apposition: filium Aaron sacerdotem further identifies Eleazarum by lineage and office.

Morphology

  1. Postquam — Lemma: postquam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “after”; Notes: marks an event completed before the main action.
  2. noxiorum — Lemma: noxius; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive modifying sanguis; Translation: “of the guilty”; Notes: refers to those responsible for wrongdoing.
  3. sanguis — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: subject of effusus est; Translation: “blood”; Notes: often symbolizes life violently taken.
  4. effusus — Lemma: effundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle, 3rd conjugation; Function: participial component of passive perfect construction; Translation: “poured out”; Notes: commonly used of bloodshed or violent death.
  5. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb completing passive perfect construction; Translation: “was”; Notes: combines with effusus to indicate completed action.
  6. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative, 3rd conjugation; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “said”; Notes: introduces direct divine speech.
  7. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: subject of dixit; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH and is therefore translated in all capitals.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces recipient phrase; Translation: “to”; Notes: expresses direction toward the hearers.
  9. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moyses”; Notes: principal leader of Israel.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: joins two recipients; Translation: “and”; Notes: coordinates Moyses and Eleazar.
  11. Eleazarum — Lemma: Eleazarus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second object of ad; Translation: “Eleazar”; Notes: successor to Aaron in priestly leadership.
  12. filium — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: apposition to Eleazarum; Translation: “son”; Notes: introduces genealogical identification.
  13. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying filium; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: first high priest of Israel.
  14. sacerdotem — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: apposition describing Aaron; Translation: “priest”; Notes: identifies Aaron’s sacred office.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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