Numeri 26:2 (Numbers 26:2)

Posted on May 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 26:2 Numerate omnem summam filiorum Israel a viginti annis et supra, per domos et cognationes suas, cunctos, qui possunt ad bella procedere.

“Count the entire number of the sons of Israel from twenty years old and upward, by their households and their clans, all who are able to go forth to war.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Numerate count 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 omnem entire ACC.SG.F
3 summam number ACC.SG.F
4 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
5 Israel Israel INDECL.NOUN
6 a from PREP+ABL
7 viginti twenty INDECL.NUM
8 annis years ABL.PL.M
9 et and CONJ
10 supra upward ADV
11 per by PREP+ACC
12 domos households ACC.PL.F
13 et and CONJ
14 cognationes clans ACC.PL.F
15 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
16 cunctos all ACC.PL.M
17 qui who ACC.PL.M.REL
18 possunt are able 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
19 ad to PREP+ACC
20 bella war ACC.PL.N
21 procedere to go forth PRES.ACT.INF

Syntax

Main Imperative Clause: Numerate omnem summam filiorum Israel contains the command to conduct a census.

Direct Object: omnem summam functions as the object of Numerate.

Dependent Genitive: filiorum Israel specifies whose total number is to be counted.

Age Qualification: a viginti annis et supra limits the census to those twenty years old and older.

Prepositional Phrase: per domos et cognationes suas specifies the organizational units by which the census is to be conducted.

Appositional Object: cunctos further defines the persons included in the count.

Relative Clause: qui possunt ad bella procedere identifies those eligible for military service.

Infinitive Construction: ad bella procedere functions as the complement of possunt.

Morphology

  1. Numerate — Lemma: numero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative, 1st conjugation; Function: main command verb; Translation: “count”; Notes: orders an official census.
  2. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies summam; Translation: “entire”; Notes: emphasizes completeness.
  3. summam — Lemma: summa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: direct object of Numerate; Translation: “number”; Notes: refers to the total count.
  4. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying summam; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: identifies the group being counted.
  5. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying filiorum; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: names the covenant nation.
  6. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces age qualification; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks the starting point of eligibility.
  7. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable cardinal numeral; Function: modifies annis; Translation: “twenty”; Notes: establishes military age threshold.
  8. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: object of a; Translation: “years”; Notes: expresses age.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: joins age expressions; Translation: “and”; Notes: links the lower limit with the continuing range.
  10. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies age qualification; Translation: “upward”; Notes: includes all older individuals.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces organizational basis; Translation: “by”; Notes: indicates classification or distribution.
  12. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 4th declension; Function: object of per; Translation: “households”; Notes: refers to family units.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: joins related organizational units; Translation: “and”; Notes: coordinates households and clans.
  14. cognationes — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 3rd declension; Function: second object of per; Translation: “clans”; Notes: refers to extended family groupings.
  15. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationes; Translation: “their”; Notes: refers back to the Israelites.
  16. cunctos — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: appositional object; Translation: “all”; Notes: includes every eligible individual.
  17. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause modifying cunctos; Translation: “who”; Notes: refers to those counted.
  18. possunt — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “are able”; Notes: expresses capability or qualification.
  19. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces purpose phrase; Translation: “to”; Notes: indicates destination or purpose.
  20. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, 2nd declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: “war”; Notes: refers to military campaigns.
  21. procedere — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive, 3rd conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive with possunt; Translation: “to go forth”; Notes: denotes marching out for military service.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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