Numeri 26:18 (Numbers 26:18)

Posted on May 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 26:18 istæ sunt familiæ Gad, quarum omnis numerus fuit quadraginta millia quingenti.

These are the families of Gad, whose entire number was forty thousand five hundred.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 istæ these NOM.PL.F.DEM
2 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 familiæ families NOM.PL.F
4 Gad of Gad INDECL.NOUN
5 quarum whose GEN.PL.F.REL
6 omnis entire NOM.SG.M
7 numerus number NOM.SG.M
8 fuit was 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
9 quadraginta forty INDECL.NUM
10 millia thousand NOM.PL.N
11 quingenti five hundred NOM.PL.M.NUM

Syntax

Main Clause: istæ sunt familiæ Gad concludes the genealogical listing of Gad’s clan divisions.

Subject: istæ familiæ functions as the subject of sunt.

Dependent Identifier: Gad specifies the tribe to which the families belong.

Relative Clause: quarum omnis numerus fuit provides the census total for the families just listed.

Subject of Relative Clause: omnis numerus functions as the subject of fuit.

Numerical Predicate: quadraginta millia quingenti states the total population counted for the tribe of Gad.

Morphology

  1. istæ — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies familiæ; Translation: “these”; Notes: points to the clan groups just enumerated.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: “are”; Notes: links the subject with its identification.
  3. familiæ — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: “families”; Notes: refers to the Gadite clan divisions.
  4. Gad — Lemma: Gad; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying familiæ; Translation: “Gad”; Notes: patriarchal ancestor of the tribe.
  5. quarum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: links the relative clause to familiæ; Translation: “whose”; Notes: refers back to the families.
  6. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies numerus; Translation: “entire”; Notes: emphasizes the complete total.
  7. numerus — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: subject of fuit; Translation: “number”; Notes: refers to the census total.
  8. fuit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: “was”; Notes: states the completed census result.
  9. quadraginta — Lemma: quadraginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable cardinal numeral; Function: part of numerical predicate; Translation: “forty”; Notes: first component of the census total.
  10. millia — Lemma: mille; Part of Speech: numeral noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: part of numerical predicate; Translation: “thousand”; Notes: denotes groups of one thousand.
  11. quingenti — Lemma: quingenti; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: completes the numerical predicate; Translation: “five hundred”; Notes: completes the total of 40,500.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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