Numeri 26:19 (Numbers 26:19)

Posted on May 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 26:19 Filii Iuda, Her et Onan, qui ambo mortui sunt in Terra Chanaan.

The sons of Juda were Her and Onan, and both died in the Land of Chanaan.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Filii sons NOM.PL.M
2 Iuda Judah INDECL.NOUN
3 Her Eri INDECL.NOUN
4 et and CONJ
5 Onan Onan INDECL.NOUN
6 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
7 ambo both NOM.PL.M
8 mortui dead NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
9 sunt were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 Terra land ABL.SG.F
12 Chanaan Canaan INDECL.NOUN

Syntax

Main Clause: Filii Iuda, Her et Onan identifies two sons of Juda.

Subject: Filii Iuda serves as the genealogical heading.

Apposition: Her et Onan names the sons referred to in the heading.

Relative Clause: qui ambo mortui sunt provides additional information about Her and Onan.

Predicate Expression: ambo mortui sunt states that both individuals died.

Prepositional Phrase: in Terra Chanaan specifies the location where their deaths occurred.

Morphology

  1. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: genealogical heading; Translation: “sons”; Notes: introduces descendants of Juda.
  2. Iuda — Lemma: Iuda; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying Filii; Translation: “Juda”; Notes: patriarchal ancestor of the tribe of Juda.
  3. Her — Lemma: Her; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: apposition identifying one of the sons; Translation: “Her”; Notes: eldest son of Juda mentioned in the genealogy.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: joins names; Translation: “and”; Notes: coordinates the two sons.
  5. Onan — Lemma: Onan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: apposition identifying one of the sons; Translation: “Onan”; Notes: second son of Juda mentioned here.
  6. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: “who”; Notes: refers collectively to Her and Onan.
  7. ambo — Lemma: ambo; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies mortui; Translation: “both”; Notes: emphasizes that the statement applies to the two sons together.
  8. mortui — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect deponent participle; Function: predicate complement with sunt; Translation: “dead”; Notes: expresses the completed state resulting from death.
  9. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: “were”; Notes: forms the perfect deponent construction with mortui.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: indicates the place of death.
  11. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: refers to the territory of Chanaan.
  12. Chanaan — Lemma: Chanaan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying Terra; Translation: “Chanaan”; Notes: the land where the events occurred.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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