Numeri 26:23 (Numbers 26:23)

Posted on May 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 26:23 Filii Issachar, per cognationes suas: Thola, a quo familia Tholaitarum: Phua, a quo familia Phuaitarum:

The sons of Issachar according to their clans: Thola, from whom came the family of the Tholaites; Phua, from whom came the family of the Phuaites;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Filii sons NOM.PL.M
2 Issachar Issachar INDECL.NOUN
3 per according to PREP+ACC
4 cognationes clans ACC.PL.F
5 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
6 Thola Tola INDECL.NOUN
7 a from PREP+ABL
8 quo whom ABL.SG.M.REL
9 familia family NOM.SG.F
10 Tholaitarum of the Tolaites GEN.PL.M
11 Phua Pua INDECL.NOUN
12 a from PREP+ABL
13 quo whom ABL.SG.M.REL
14 familia family NOM.SG.F
15 Phuaitarum of the Punites GEN.PL.M

Syntax

Genealogical Heading: Filii Issachar per cognationes suas introduces the clan divisions descending from Issachar.

Prepositional Phrase: per cognationes suas indicates that the descendants are organized according to clan structure.

Genealogical Entry: Thola, a quo familia Tholaitarum identifies Thola as the ancestor of the Tholaite clan.

Relative Genealogical Construction: a quo familia Tholaitarum expresses descent from Thola and the resulting clan designation.

Genealogical Entry: Phua, a quo familia Phuaitarum identifies Phua as the ancestor of the Phuaite clan.

Genealogical Function: The verse begins the census listing of Issachar’s clan divisions by naming ancestral founders and the families descended from them.

Morphology

  1. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: genealogical heading; Translation: “sons”; Notes: introduces the descendants of Issachar.
  2. Issachar — Lemma: Issachar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: dependent identifier modifying Filii; Translation: “Issachar”; Notes: patriarchal ancestor of the tribe.
  3. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces classification phrase; Translation: “according to”; Notes: indicates arrangement by clans.
  4. cognationes — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 3rd declension; Function: object of per; Translation: “clans”; Notes: refers to extended family divisions.
  5. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationes; Translation: “their”; Notes: refers to the descendants of Issachar.
  6. Thola — Lemma: Thola; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: ancestral founder; Translation: “Thola”; Notes: progenitor of an Issacharite clan.
  7. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces ancestry relationship; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks clan descent.
  8. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “whom”; Notes: refers to Thola.
  9. familia — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of implied genealogical statement; Translation: “family”; Notes: designates a clan division.
  10. Tholaitarum — Lemma: Tholaita; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 1st declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying familia; Translation: “of the Tholaites”; Notes: clan name derived from Thola.
  11. Phua — Lemma: Phua; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable singular; Function: ancestral founder; Translation: “Phua”; Notes: progenitor of an Issacharite clan.
  12. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces ancestry relationship; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks clan descent.
  13. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “whom”; Notes: refers to Phua.
  14. familia — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of implied genealogical statement; Translation: “family”; Notes: denotes a clan division.
  15. Phuaitarum — Lemma: Phuaita; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 1st declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying familia; Translation: “of the Phuaites”; Notes: clan name derived from Phua.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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