Numeri 28:26 (Numbers 28:26)

Posted on May 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 28:26 Dies etiam primitivorum quando offeretis novas fruges Domino, expletis hebdomadibus, venerabilis et sancta erit: omne opus servile non facietis in ea.

The day also of the firstfruits, when you shall offer new produce to the LORD, after the weeks have been completed, shall be venerable and holy; you shall do no servile work on it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dies day NOM.SG.M
2 etiam also ADV
3 primitivorum of-firstfruits GEN.PL.N
4 quando when ADV
5 offeretis you-shall-offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
6 novas new ACC.PL.F
7 fruges produce ACC.PL.F
8 Domino to-the-LORD DAT.SG.M
9 expletis having-been-completed ABL.PL.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
10 hebdomadibus weeks ABL.PL.F
11 venerabilis venerable NOM.SG.F
12 et and CONJ
13 sancta holy NOM.SG.F
14 erit shall-be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 omne every ACC.SG.N
16 opus work ACC.SG.N
17 servile servile ACC.SG.N
18 non not ADV
19 facietis you-shall-do 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
20 in on PREP+ABL
21 ea it ABL.SG.F.DEM

Syntax

Main Clause: Dies primitivorum (subject) + erit (verb) + venerabilis et sancta (predicate adjectives).

Temporal Clause: quando offeretis novas fruges Domino — specifies the occasion on which this day is observed.

Ablative Absolute: expletis hebdomadibus — indicates that the event occurs after the prescribed weeks have been completed.

Second Clause: non facietis (verb) + omne opus servile (direct object).

Prepositional Phrase: in ea — specifies the day on which the prohibition applies.

Morphology

  1. Dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine, 5th Declension; Function: Subject; Translation: “day”; Notes: Refers to the festival day being prescribed.
  2. etiam — Lemma: etiam; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Adds emphasis or inclusion; Translation: “also”; Notes: Introduces an additional sacred observance.
  3. primitivorum — Lemma: primitiva; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive plural neuter; Function: Dependent genitive modifying Dies; Translation: “of firstfruits”; Notes: Refers to the first produce offered to God at harvest time.
  4. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Introduces a temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: Specifies the occasion of the festival.
  5. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future active indicative, 2nd person plural; Function: Verb of the temporal clause; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Refers to the presentation of firstfruits.
  6. novas — Lemma: novus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Modifies fruges; Translation: “new”; Notes: Describes the freshly harvested produce.
  7. fruges — Lemma: fruges; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine, 3rd Declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: “produce”; Notes: Refers to harvested crops presented as firstfruits.
  8. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Dative singular masculine, 2nd Declension; Function: Dative recipient; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the recipient of the offering.
  9. expletis — Lemma: expleo; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: Perfect passive participle, ablative plural feminine; Function: Ablative absolute component; Translation: “having been completed”; Notes: Indicates a completed period before the festival.
  10. hebdomadibus — Lemma: hebdomas; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative plural feminine, 3rd Declension; Function: Ablative absolute component; Translation: “weeks”; Notes: Refers to the seven-week counting period preceding the feast.
  11. venerabilis — Lemma: venerabilis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative singular feminine; Function: Predicate adjective; Translation: “venerable”; Notes: Marks the day as worthy of reverence.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects predicate adjectives; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins the descriptions of the day.
  13. sancta — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative singular feminine; Function: Predicate adjective; Translation: “holy”; Notes: Indicates consecration to God.
  14. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future active indicative, 3rd person singular; Function: Main verb; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: States the prescribed character of the day.
  15. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative singular neuter; Function: Modifies opus; Translation: “every”; Notes: Gives comprehensive scope to the prohibition.
  16. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative singular neuter, 3rd Declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: “work”; Notes: Refers to labor or occupation.
  17. servile — Lemma: servilis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative singular neuter; Function: Modifies opus; Translation: “servile”; Notes: Refers to ordinary occupational labor.
  18. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Negates the verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Creates the prohibition.
  19. facietis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future active indicative, 2nd person plural; Function: Main verb of the prohibition; Translation: “you shall do”; Notes: Addresses the covenant community collectively.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing the ablative; Function: Introduces temporal reference; Translation: “on”; Notes: Specifies the day during which the prohibition applies.
  21. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun; Form: Ablative singular feminine; Function: Object of in; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers back to the festival day of firstfruits.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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