Numeri 29:7 (Numbers 29:7)

Posted on May 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 29:7 Decima quoque dies mensis huius septimi erit vobis sancta atque venerabilis, et affligetis animas vestras: omne opus servile non facietis in ea.

The tenth day also of this seventh month shall be holy and venerable for you, and you shall afflict your souls: you shall not do any servile work on it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Decima tenth NOM.SG.F
2 quoque also ADV
3 dies day NOM.SG.F
4 mensis of month GEN.SG.M
5 huius of this GEN.SG.M.DEM
6 septimi seventh GEN.SG.M
7 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 vobis for you 2PL.PERS.DAT
9 sancta holy NOM.SG.F
10 atque and also CONJ
11 venerabilis venerable NOM.SG.F
12 et and CONJ
13 affligetis you shall afflict 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
14 animas souls ACC.PL.F
15 vestras your ACC.PL.F.POSS
16 omne every ACC.SG.N
17 opus work ACC.SG.N
18 servile servile ACC.SG.N
19 non not ADV
20 facietis you shall do 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
21 in on PREP+ABL
22 ea it ABL.SG.F.DEM

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Decima dies mensis huius septimi is the subject phrase. erit is the copulative verb. sancta atque venerabilis are predicate adjectives describing the day. vobis is a dative of reference, identifying those for whom the day is holy and venerable.

Main Clause 2: affligetis is the main verb with an implied second-person plural subject. animas vestras is the direct object, expressing the required act of self-affliction.

Main Clause 3: facietis is the main verb, negated by non. omne opus servile is the direct object. in ea is a temporal prepositional phrase referring back to dies.

Morphology

  1. Decima — Lemma: decimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative Singular Feminine; Function: Modifies dies; Translation: “tenth”; Notes: Identifies the exact day within the seventh month.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Adds this observance to the preceding calendar instructions; Translation: “also”; Notes: Marks continuation in the sequence of sacred days.
  3. dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative Singular Feminine; Function: Subject of erit; Translation: “day”; Notes: Refers to the appointed sacred day.
  4. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive Singular Masculine; Function: Genitive dependent on dies; Translation: “of month”; Notes: Specifies the month to which the day belongs.
  5. huius — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun; Form: Genitive Singular Masculine; Function: Modifies mensis; Translation: “of this”; Notes: Points to the already identified seventh month.
  6. septimi — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Genitive Singular Masculine; Function: Modifies mensis; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Gives the ordinal designation of the month.
  7. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third Person Singular Future Active Indicative; Function: Copulative verb; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Establishes the sacred status of the day.
  8. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun; Form: Dative Plural; Function: Dative of reference; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Identifies the community to whom the instruction applies.
  9. sancta — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative Singular Feminine; Function: Predicate adjective with erit; Translation: “holy”; Notes: Marks the day as set apart for sacred observance.
  10. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects coordinated predicate adjectives; Translation: “and”; Notes: Closely joins the qualities of holiness and venerability.
  11. venerabilis — Lemma: venerabilis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative Singular Feminine; Function: Predicate adjective with erit; Translation: “venerable”; Notes: Describes the day as worthy of reverent observance.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects the command of self-affliction to the day’s sacred status; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds the required response to the appointed day.
  13. affligetis — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second Person Plural Future Active Indicative; Function: Main verb of command; Translation: “you shall afflict”; Notes: In ritual context, this refers to humbling or denying oneself.
  14. animas — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Plural Feminine; Function: Direct object of affligetis; Translation: “souls”; Notes: Refers to the persons themselves, especially in inward self-humbling.
  15. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive Adjective; Form: Accusative Plural Feminine; Function: Modifies animas; Translation: “your”; Notes: Marks the self-directed nature of the affliction.
  16. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Singular Neuter; Function: Modifies opus; Translation: “any”; Notes: Gives comprehensive scope to the prohibition.
  17. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative Singular Neuter; Function: Direct object of facietis; Translation: “work”; Notes: Refers to labor or occupational activity.
  18. servile — Lemma: servilis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative Singular Neuter; Function: Modifies opus; Translation: “servile”; Notes: Describes ordinary labor forbidden on the sacred day.
  19. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Negates facietis; Translation: “not”; Notes: Forms the prohibition against labor.
  20. facietis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Second Person Plural Future Active Indicative; Function: Main verb of prohibition; Translation: “you shall do”; Notes: Future indicative carries the force of legal command.
  21. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing the Ablative; Function: Introduces temporal phrase; Translation: “on”; Notes: Marks the day on which the prohibition applies.
  22. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun; Form: Ablative Singular Feminine; Function: Object of in; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers back to dies, the appointed tenth day.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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