Numeri 32:3 (Numbers 32:3)

Posted on May 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 32:3 Ataroth, et Dibon, et Iazer, et Nemra, Hesebon, et Eleale, et Saban, et Nebo, et Beon,

“Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nemra, Hesebon, and Eleale, and Saban, and Nebo, and Beon,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ataroth Ataroth INDECL
2 et and CONJ.INVAR
3 Dibon Dibon INDECL
4 et and CONJ.INVAR
5 Iazer Jazer INDECL
6 et and CONJ.INVAR
7 Nemra Nimrah INDECL
8 Hesebon Heshbon INDECL
9 et and CONJ.INVAR
10 Eleale Elealeh INDECL
11 et and CONJ.INVAR
12 Saban Sebam INDECL
13 et and CONJ.INVAR
14 Nebo Nebo INDECL
15 et and CONJ.INVAR
16 Beon Beon INDECL

Syntax

Place-Name List: Ataroth, Dibon, Iazer, Nemra, Hesebon, Eleale, Saban, Nebo, and Beon form a coordinated list of geographical names.

Clause Function: The list is syntactically incomplete by itself and continues into the following words, where the named places are identified collectively as land suitable for livestock.

Coordination: The repeated conjunction et links most of the place names and gives the enumeration a cumulative narrative rhythm.

Asyndeton: Nemra, Hesebon are placed next to one another without an intervening conjunction, but they remain coordinated members of the same list.

Morphology

  1. Ataroth — Lemma: Ataroth; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: First member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Ataroth”; Notes: Names a settlement in the territory east of the Jordan.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Ataroth and Dibon; Translation: “and”; Notes: Begins the repeated coordination of the place names.
  3. Dibon — Lemma: Dibon; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Second member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Dibon”; Notes: Names a settlement associated with the territory requested by the tribes.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Dibon and Iazer; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the enumeration.
  5. Iazer — Lemma: Iazer; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Third member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Jazer”; Notes: Refers to a district or settlement known for land suitable for livestock.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Iazer and Nemra; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds another place to the list.
  7. Nemra — Lemma: Nemra; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Fourth member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Nemra”; Notes: Names another settlement in the pastureland under consideration.
  8. Hesebon — Lemma: Hesebon; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Fifth member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Hesebon”; Notes: It follows Nemra without an expressed conjunction but remains part of the same list.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Hesebon and Eleale; Translation: “and”; Notes: Resumes the explicit coordination of the names.
  10. Eleale — Lemma: Eleale; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Sixth member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Eleale”; Notes: Names a settlement in the same Transjordanian region.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Eleale and Saban; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds the next location.
  12. Saban — Lemma: Saban; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Seventh member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Saban”; Notes: Refers to one of the named places in the requested territory.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Saban and Nebo; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the sequence of place names.
  14. Nebo — Lemma: Nebo; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Eighth member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Nebo”; Notes: Names a location in the land east of the Jordan.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Nebo and Beon; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces the final name in the present list.
  16. Beon — Lemma: Beon; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable place name; Function: Final member of the coordinated geographical list; Translation: “Beon”; Notes: Completes the enumeration before the following clause describes the territory collectively.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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