Numeri 9:11 (Numbers 9:11)

Posted on May 6, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 9:11 in mense secundo, quartadecima die mensis ad vesperam: cum azymis et lactucis agrestibus comedent illud:

in the second month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening: with unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 in in PREP+ABL
2 mense month ABL.SG.M
3 secundo second ABL.SG.M
4 quartadecima fourteenth ABL.SG.F
5 die day ABL.SG.F
6 mensis of month GEN.SG.M
7 ad at PREP+ACC
8 vesperam evening ACC.SG.F
9 cum with PREP+ABL
10 azymis unleavened breads ABL.PL.N
11 et and CONJ
12 lactucis lettuces ABL.PL.F
13 agrestibus wild ABL.PL.F
14 comedent they shall eat 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 illud it ACC.SG.N.DEM

Syntax

Temporal Phrase: in mense secundo — ablative of time when indicating the month.

Temporal Phrase: quartadecima die mensis — ablative of time specifying the exact day.

Prepositional Phrase: ad vesperam — indicates time of day.

Manner Phrase: cum azymis et lactucis agrestibus — describes accompanying food, with coordinated ablative objects.

Main Clause: comedent illud — comedent is the verb with illud as direct object.

Morphology

  1. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces temporal phrase; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates time reference.
  2. mense — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: month; Notes: Specifies temporal unit.
  3. secundo — Lemma: secundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies mense; Translation: second; Notes: Indicates sequence.
  4. quartadecima — Lemma: quartadecimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: fourteenth; Notes: Specifies exact day.
  5. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: day; Notes: Indicates specific day.
  6. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of month; Notes: Clarifies time.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces time; Translation: at; Notes: Indicates approximate time.
  8. vesperam — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Specifies time of day.
  9. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: Indicates associated items.
  10. azymis — Lemma: azymum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of cum; Translation: unleavened breads; Notes: Ritual food.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates nouns; Translation: and; Notes: Links food items.
  12. lactucis — Lemma: lactuca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of cum; Translation: lettuces; Notes: Bitter herbs.
  13. agrestibus — Lemma: agrestis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies lactucis; Translation: wild; Notes: Emphasizes natural bitterness.
  14. comedent — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: they shall eat; Notes: Future instruction.
  15. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the Passover meal.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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