Genesis 47:10

Posted on February 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 47:10 Et benedicto rege, egressus est foras.

And having blessed the king, he went out outside.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 benedicto having blessed ABL.SG.M; PERF.PTCP.PASS
3 rege king ABL.SG.M
4 egressus having gone out NOM.SG.M; PERF.PTCP.DEP
5 est he is (aux.) 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
6 foras outside ADV

Syntax

Conjunction: Et links this action to the prior narrative.
Ablative Absolute: benedicto rege — “after blessing the king.”
Main Clause: egressus est — perfect deponent construction meaning “he went out.”
Adverb: foras specifies direction outward from an enclosed place.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continuation of narrative flow.
  2. benedicto — Lemma: benedico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle ablative singular masculine; Function: part of ablative absolute; Translation: “having blessed”; Notes: Modifies the understood subject Jacob.
  3. rege — Lemma: rex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: complement of ablative absolute; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh.
  4. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: deponent participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: subject participle; Translation: “having gone out”; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning.
  5. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active third singular; Function: auxiliary forming perfect; Translation: “he is” (aux.); Notes: Necessary for perfect of deponent verbs.
  6. foras — Lemma: foras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverbial; Function: expresses outward motion; Translation: “outside”; Notes: Implies leaving an indoor or enclosed area.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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