Exodus 10:28

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:28 Dixitque Pharao ad Moysen: Recede a me, et cave ne ultra videas faciem meam: quocumque die apparueris mihi, morieris.

And Pharao said to Moyses: “Go away from me, and beware that you no longer see my face; on whatever day you appear to me, you shall die.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and he said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND+ENCLITIC
2 Pharao Pharaoh NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
5 Recede go away 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
6 a from PREP+ABL
7 me me ABL.SG
8 et and CONJ
9 cave beware 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
10 ne that not NEG.CONJ
11 ultra any longer ADV
12 videas you see 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
13 faciem face ACC.SG.F
14 meam my ACC.SG.F
15 quocumque on whatever ADV.REL
16 die day ABL.SG.F
17 apparueris you appear 2SG.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
18 mihi to me DAT.SG
19 morieris you shall die 2SG.FUT.DEP.IND

Syntax

Speech Introduction:
Subject: Pharao
Verb: Dixitque
Indirect Object: ad Moysen

Command 1:
Recede a me — imperative + prepositional phrase expressing expulsion

Command 2 with Negative Purpose:
cave ne videas — “beware lest you see…”
— videas = subjunctive after cave ne
— faciem meam = direct object

Conditional Threat:
quocumque die apparueris mihi — future-perfect temporal condition
morieris — apodosis (“you shall die”)

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular + enclitic -que; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: -que links to the ongoing narrative.
  2. Pharao — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: Egyptian royal title in Latin.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction toward the person addressed; Translation: “to”; Notes: required by verbs of speaking.
  4. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Hebrew name.
  5. Recede — Lemma: recedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: direct command; Translation: “go away”; Notes: expresses dismissal.
  6. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: separation; Translation: “from”; Notes: used after verbs of removal.
  7. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: object of a; Translation: “me”; Notes: first-person pronoun in ablative.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links commands; Translation: “and”; Notes: additive connector.
  9. cave — Lemma: caveo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: warning command; Translation: “beware”; Notes: often used with ne + subjunctive.
  10. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: negative; Function: introduces negative purpose clause; Translation: “that not”; Notes: used after cave.
  11. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies videas; Translation: “any longer”; Notes: indicates extension beyond a limit.
  12. videas — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 2nd singular; Function: verb in negative purpose clause; Translation: “you see”; Notes: subjunctive required after ne.
  13. faciem — Lemma: facies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of videas; Translation: “face”; Notes: common noun for appearance.
  14. meam — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies faciem; Translation: “my”; Notes: first-person possessive adjective.
  15. quocumque — Lemma: quocumque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: relative; Function: introduces temporal condition; Translation: “on whatever”; Notes: gives general condition.
  16. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “day”; Notes: used with temporal adverbs.
  17. apparueris — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative 2nd singular; Function: verb of temporal protasis; Translation: “you appear”; Notes: indicates completed future action.
  18. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to me”; Notes: recipient of appearance.
  19. morieris — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future deponent indicative 2nd singular; Function: main verb of threat; Translation: “you shall die”; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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