Exodus 24:13

Posted on March 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

13 Surrexerunt Moyses et Iosue minister eius: ascendensque Moyses in montem Dei,

Moyses and Josue his minister rose up; and Moyses, ascending, went up on the mountain of God,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Surrexerunt they rose 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M 3RD DECL
3 et and CONJ
4 Iosue Joshua NOM.SG.M INDECL
5 minister minister / servant NOM.SG.M 3RD DECL
6 eius his GEN.SG.M PRON PERS
7 ascendensque and ascending PRES.ACT.PTCP.NOM.SG.M + CONJ
8 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M 3RD DECL
9 in into / on PREP+ACC
10 montem mountain ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
11 Dei of God GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Clause:
Surrexerunt Moyses et Iosue minister eius —
“Moses and Iosue his minister rose up.”
• Surrexerunt = main verb, plural.
• Moyses et Iosue = compound subject.
• minister eius = apposition explaining Iosue’s role.

Participial Clause:
ascendensque Moyses —
“and Moses, ascending…”
• circumstantial participle introducing a concurrent action.

Prepositional Phrase:
in montem Dei —
“onto the mountain of God.”
• montem = object of in (with accusative indicating motion).
• Dei = genitive identifying the sacred mountain.

Morphology

  1. Surrexerunt — Lemma: surgo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they rose; Notes: plural because subject has two persons.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: Greek-type declension.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins subjects; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive.
  4. Iosue — Lemma: Iosue; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine (indeclinable in Latin); Function: second subject; Translation: Iosue; Notes: preserved in translation exactly as requested.
  5. minister — Lemma: minister; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: apposition to Iosue; Translation: minister; Notes: describes Iosue’s role.
  6. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of minister; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Moses.
  7. ascendensque — Lemma: ascendo + -que; Part of Speech: participle + enclitic; Form: present active participle, nominative singular masculine; Function: circumstantial participle describing Moses’ action; Translation: and ascending; Notes: -que connects the clause to prior narrative.
  8. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of participial phrase; Translation: Moses; Notes: repetition for clarity.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative (motion); Function: direction; Translation: into / onto; Notes: indicates movement.
  10. montem — Lemma: mons; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: mountain; Notes: refers to Sinai.
  11. Dei — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of God; Notes: indicates divine ownership of the mountain.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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