Exodus 25:25

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

25 et ipsi labio coronam interrasilem altam quattuor digitis: et super illam, alteram coronam aureolam.

and for the border itself you shall make an engraved crown four fingers high, and above it another little golden crown.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 ipsi for the DAT.SG.F.PRON.DEM
3 labio border DAT.SG.N.2ND DECL
4 coronam crown ACC.SG.F.1ST DECL
5 interrasilem engraved / wrought ACC.SG.F.ADJ
6 altam high ACC.SG.F.ADJ
7 quattuor four INVAR.NUM
8 digitis fingers ABL.PL.M.3RD DECL
9 et and CONJ
10 super above PREP+ACC
11 illam that ACC.SG.F.PRON.DEM
12 alteram another ACC.SG.F.ADJ
13 coronam crown ACC.SG.F.1ST DECL
14 aureolam little golden ACC.SG.F.ADJ

Syntax

Dative phrase of benefit: ipsi labio indicates the crown is made for the border itself.
Main command (implied from previous verse): coronam interrasilem altam quattuor digitis describes one engraved crown with height specification.
Prepositional phrase of vertical relation: super illam indicates placement above the first crown.
Second object phrase: alteram coronam aureolam introduces a second, smaller golden crown.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links this instruction with the previous one; Translation: and; Notes: additive connector continuing the description of the table’s ornamentation.
  2. ipsi — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: pronoun (demonstrative/intensive); Form: dative singular feminine; Function: indirect object referring to the border; Translation: for the; Notes: intensifies reference to the border itself (labium).
  3. labio — Lemma: labium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular neuter; Function: indirect object; Translation: border; Notes: identifies the table’s rim.
  4. coronam — Lemma: corona; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: crown; Notes: decorative molding.
  5. interrasilem — Lemma: interrasilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies coronam; Translation: engraved / wrought; Notes: describes metalwork done with openwork carving.
  6. altam — Lemma: altus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies coronam; Translation: high; Notes: describes vertical dimension.
  7. quattuor — Lemma: quattuor; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: quantifies digitis; Translation: four; Notes: indeclinable cardinal numeral.
  8. digitis — Lemma: digitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of measure; Translation: fingers; Notes: unit of vertical measurement.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces second decorative feature; Translation: and; Notes: continuation marker.
  10. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses vertical placement; Translation: above; Notes: spatial relation.
  11. illam — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun (demonstrative); Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: that; Notes: refers to the first crown.
  12. alteram — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies coronam; Translation: another; Notes: signals addition of a second crown.
  13. coronam — Lemma: corona; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: crown; Notes: refers to an additional ornamental ring.
  14. aureolam — Lemma: aureolus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies coronam; Translation: little golden; Notes: diminutive meaning “finely golden” or “small golden.”

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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