Exodus 33:22

Posted on March 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 33:22 Cumque transibit gloria mea, ponam te in foramine petræ, et protegam dextera mea, donec transeam:

And when My glory will pass by, I will place you in the cleft of the rock, and I will protect you with My right hand until I pass by;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ + ENCLITIC
2 transibit will pass 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
3 gloria glory NOM.SG.F 1ST DECL
4 mea my NOM.SG.F POSS.PRON
5 ponam I will place 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
6 te you ACC.SG.2ND.PERS PRON
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 foramine cleft ABL.SG.N 3RD DECL
9 petræ of the rock GEN.SG.F 1ST DECL
10 et and CONJ
11 proteg am I will protect 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
12 dextera right hand ABL.SG.F 1ST DECL
13 mea my ABL.SG.F POSS.PRON
14 donec until CONJ
15 transeam I pass by 1SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Temporal Clause:
Cumque transibit gloria mea — “And when my glory will pass by”; cum + future indicative marks a concrete future event.

Main Divine Action 1:
ponam te in foramine petræ — “I will place you in the cleft of the rock.”
te = direct object
in foramine petræ = locative phrase

Main Divine Action 2:
et protegam dextera mea — “and I will protect you with my right hand.”
Ablative of instrument (dextera mea) expresses means.

Subordinate Clause of Duration:
donec transeam — “until I pass by.”
donec + subjunctive = future anticipated action.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: enclitic ties tightly to previous narrative.
  2. transibit — Lemma: transeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future active indicative; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: will pass; Notes: refers to divine glory.
  3. gloria — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of transibit; Translation: glory; Notes: divine presence.
  4. mea — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifier of gloria; Translation: my; Notes: agrees with gloria.
  5. ponam — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: I will place; Notes: expresses divine protective action.
  6. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object of ponam; Translation: you; Notes: addressed to Moses.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: literal placement.
  8. foramine — Lemma: foramen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: cleft; Notes: location of hiding.
  9. petræ — Lemma: petra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of the rock; Notes: identifies the cleft’s nature.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: connects divine actions.
  11. proteg am — Lemma: protego; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: I will protect; Notes: expresses divine shielding.
  12. dextera — Lemma: dextera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of instrument; Translation: with (my) right hand; Notes: symbol of power.
  13. mea — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies dextera; Translation: my; Notes: agrees in case, number, gender.
  14. donec — Lemma: donec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces clause of duration; Translation: until; Notes: often takes subjunctive for future action.
  15. transeam — Lemma: transeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: I pass by; Notes: subjunctive marks anticipated future event.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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