Genesis 10:14

Posted on January 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 10:14 et Phetrusim, et Chasluim: de quibus egressi sunt Philisthiim et Caphtorim.

And Phetrusim, and Chasluim: from whom came forth the Philisthiim and the Caphtorim.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 Phetrusim Phetrusim ACC.PL.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Chasluim Chasluim ACC.PL.M
5 de from PREP+ABL
6 quibus whom ABL.PL.M.REL.PRON
7 egressi came forth NOM.PL.M.PERF.PART.DEP
8 sunt were / have 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND.AUX
9 Philisthiim Philisthiim NOM.PL.M
10 et and CONJ
11 Caphtorim Caphtorim NOM.PL.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1: et Phetrusim, et Chasluim — continuation of the genealogy, naming additional descendants of Mesraim. The conjunction et connects each successive people group as coordinated accusative objects, completing the list from the previous verse.
Main Clause 2: de quibus egressi sunt Philisthiim et Caphtorim — “from whom came forth the Philisthiim and the Caphtorim.” The relative pronoun quibus introduces a subordinate clause; egressi sunt functions as the perfect deponent verb meaning “came forth,” with Philisthiim and Caphtorim as its compound subjects.
Word Order: Paratactic and genealogical; the verse transitions from enumeration to explanatory derivation, marking the origin of later nations.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Links Phetrusim to the previous series; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces new members of Mesraim’s descendants.
  2. Phetrusim — Lemma: Phetrusim; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative plural masculine; Function: Direct object of the implied genuit (from prior verse); Translation: “Phetrusim”; Notes: People possibly originating from Upper Egypt or near the Nile Delta.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Adds the final group; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains genealogical rhythm.
  4. Chasluim — Lemma: Chasluim; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative plural masculine; Function: Direct object (coordinated); Translation: “Chasluim”; Notes: People located in the Egyptian region, from whom the Philistines descended.
  5. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governs ablative; Function: Indicates source or origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause explaining descent.
  6. quibus — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Ablative plural masculine; Function: Object of de; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Refers back to Phetrusim and Chasluim.
  7. egressi — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent participle); Form: Perfect participle, nominative plural masculine; Function: Predicate participle with sunt; Translation: “came forth”; Notes: Describes descent or origin of peoples.
  8. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present active indicative, 3rd person plural (auxiliary); Function: Completes perfect tense of deponent construction; Translation: “were / have”; Notes: Auxiliary forming periphrastic perfect.
  9. Philisthiim — Lemma: Philisthiim; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Subject of egressi sunt; Translation: “Philisthiim”; Notes: The Philistines, descendants of the Chasluim, later inhabitants of the coastal plain of Kenaʾan.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Connects the compound subjects; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins both nations descended from the same progenitors.
  11. Caphtorim — Lemma: Caphtorim; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Second subject of egressi sunt; Translation: “Caphtorim”; Notes: A people associated with Crete or Caphtor, related to the Philistines.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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