Leviticus 4:18

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:18 ponetque de eodem sanguine in cornibus altaris, quod est coram Domino in tabernaculo testimonii: reliquum autem sanguinem fundet iuxta basim altaris holocaustorum, quod est in ostio tabernaculi testimonii.

and he shall put some of the same blood on the horns of the altar that is before the LORD in the tabernacle of testimony; but the rest of the blood he shall pour out beside the base of the altar of burnt offerings, which is at the entrance of the tabernacle of testimony.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ponetque and he shall put VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
2 de of / from PREP+ABL
3 eodem the same ADJ, ABL.SG.M/N, DEM
4 sanguine blood NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 3RD DECL
5 in on / in PREP+ACC
6 cornibus the horns NOUN, ABL.PL.N, 3RD DECL
7 altaris of the altar NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 3RD DECL
8 quod which PRON, NOM.SG.N, REL
9 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 coram before PREP+ABL
11 Domino the LORD NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 2ND DECL
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 tabernaculo tabernacle NOUN, ABL.SG.N, 2ND DECL
14 testimonii of testimony NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 2ND DECL
15 reliquum the rest ADJ, ACC.SG.M/N, 2ND DECL
16 autem but ADV
17 sanguinem blood NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
18 fundet he shall pour VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
19 iuxta beside PREP+ACC
20 basim base NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 3RD DECL
21 altaris of the altar NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 3RD DECL
22 holocaustorum of burnt offerings NOUN, GEN.PL.N, 2ND DECL
23 quod which PRON, NOM.SG.N, REL
24 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
25 in at PREP+ABL
26 ostio entrance NOUN, ABL.SG.N, 2ND DECL
27 tabernaculi of the tabernacle NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 2ND DECL
28 testimonii of testimony NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Action 1: ponetque de eodem sanguine in cornibus altaris — the priest applies blood to the horns of the incense altar.
Relative Clause: quod est coram Domino in tabernaculo testimonii — identifies which altar is meant: the one located before the LORD inside the sanctuary.
Main Action 2: reliquum autem sanguinem fundet iuxta basim altaris holocaustorum — the remaining blood is poured out at the base of the outer altar.
Relative Clause: quod est in ostio tabernaculi testimonii — specifies the altar of burnt offerings as the one near the entrance.

Morphology

  1. ponetque — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: main verb of the first action; Translation: and he shall put; Notes: enclitic links tightly to preceding ritual sequence.
  2. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks part taken from a whole; Translation: of / from; Notes: indicates sampling from the blood.
  3. eodem — Lemma: idem; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter; Function: modifies sanguine; Translation: the same; Notes: refers to blood already mentioned.
  4. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: blood; Notes: blood used in atoning applications.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses placement onto; Translation: on; Notes: spatially precise.
  6. cornibus — Lemma: cornu; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter (locative sense with in); Function: location of blood application; Translation: horns; Notes: structural projections of the altar.
  7. altaris — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies cornibus; Translation: of the altar; Notes: inner incense altar.
  8. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of est; Translation: which; Notes: introduces relative clause.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verbal core of clause; Translation: is; Notes: existential identification.
  10. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses presence; Translation: before; Notes: ritual spatial marker.
  11. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates fixed location; Translation: in; Notes: denotes interior placement.
  13. tabernaculo — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: sanctuary interior.
  14. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies tabernaculo; Translation: of testimony; Notes: covenant term.
  15. reliquum — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine/neuter; Function: substantive adjective; Translation: the rest; Notes: remainder of the blood.
  16. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: contrastive marker; Translation: but; Notes: signals shift of location.
  17. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of fundet; Translation: blood; Notes: remaining blood after inner application.
  18. fundet — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall pour out; Notes: standard ritual disposal.
  19. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates proximity; Translation: beside; Notes: precise spatial marker.
  20. basim — Lemma: basis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: base; Notes: bottom edge of sacrificial altar.
  21. altaris — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies basim; Translation: of the altar; Notes: outer altar.
  22. holocaustorum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: specifies altar type; Translation: of burnt offerings; Notes: sacrificial designation.
  23. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of est; Translation: which; Notes: identifies altar.
  24. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: identifies location; Translation: is; Notes: copular verb.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses fixed position; Translation: at; Notes: locational marker.
  26. ostio — Lemma: ostium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: entrance; Notes: entry point of the tabernacle.
  27. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies ostio; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: sanctuary structure.
  28. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies tabernaculi; Translation: of testimony; Notes: covenantal designation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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