Leviticus 14:46

Posted on April 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 14:46 Qui intraverit domum quando clausa est, immundus erit usque ad vesperum:

Whoever enters the house while it is closed, shall be unclean until the evening;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
2 intraverit shall have entered 3SG.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
3 domum house ACC.SG.F
4 quando when CONJ
5 clausa closed NOM.SG.F PERF.PASS.PTCP
6 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M ADJ
8 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 usque until PREP
10 ad to PREP+ACC
11 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Relative Subject: Qui introduces a general legal subject.
Temporal-Conditional Clause: intraverit domum describes the qualifying action.
Temporal Modifier: quando clausa est restricts the action to the period of quarantine.
Predicate Judgment: immundus erit declares ritual status.
Duration Phrase: usque ad vesperum limits the impurity temporally.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces a general case in legal formulation.
  2. intraverit — Lemma: intro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have entered; Notes: Typical tense for conditional-relative clauses in legal texts.
  3. domum — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of intraverit; Translation: house; Notes: The quarantined dwelling.
  4. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: temporal subordinator; Translation: when; Notes: Specifies the restricted time frame.
  5. clausa — Lemma: claudo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: closed; Notes: Indicates official sealing of the house.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: Completes the passive construction.
  7. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Legal ritual status.
  8. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: States future consequence.
  9. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: duration marker; Translation: until; Notes: Introduces the endpoint of impurity.
  10. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction or limit; Translation: to; Notes: Used with temporal endpoints.
  11. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Traditional boundary for ritual purity restoration.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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