Leviticus 14:45

Posted on April 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 14:45 quam statim destruent, et lapides eius ac ligna, atque universum pulverem proiicient extra oppidum in locum immundum.

which they shall immediately destroy, and its stones and timbers, and all its dust they shall throw outside the town into an unclean place.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quam which ACC.SG.F REL.PRON
2 statim immediately ADV
3 destruent they shall destroy 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
4 et and CONJ
5 lapides stones ACC.PL.M
6 eius its GEN.SG.F POSS.PRON
7 ac and CONJ
8 ligna timbers ACC.PL.N
9 atque and also CONJ
10 universum all ACC.SG.M ADJ
11 pulverem dust ACC.SG.M
12 proiicient they shall throw 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
13 extra outside PREP+ACC
14 oppidum town ACC.SG.N
15 in into PREP+ACC
16 locum place ACC.SG.M
17 immundum unclean ACC.SG.M ADJ

Syntax

Relative Object: quam resumes the antecedent domus from the prior clause.
Main Verbs: destruent and proiicient are coordinated future indicatives expressing mandated action.
Adverbial Modifier: statim intensifies urgency of execution.
Compound Objects: lapides eius ac ligna atque universum pulverem enumerate total demolition debris.
Directional Phrases: extra oppidum and in locum immundum mark removal from community to defiled space.

Morphology

  1. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of destruent; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to the condemned house.
  2. statim — Lemma: statim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: immediately; Notes: Stresses prompt execution.
  3. destruent — Lemma: destruo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: they shall destroy; Notes: Judicial command carried out by agents.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links demolition to disposal.
  5. lapides — Lemma: lapis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of proiicient; Translation: stones; Notes: Structural components removed.
  6. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies lapides; Translation: its; Notes: Refers to the house.
  7. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins closely related items.
  8. ligna — Lemma: lignum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of proiicient; Translation: timbers; Notes: Wooden materials of the structure.
  9. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: emphatic coordination; Translation: and also; Notes: Climactic addition.
  10. universum — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies pulverem; Translation: all; Notes: Indicates totality.
  11. pulverem — Lemma: pulvis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of proiicient; Translation: dust; Notes: Residual debris of demolition.
  12. proiicient — Lemma: proicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: coordinated main verb; Translation: they shall throw; Notes: Disposal action.
  13. extra — Lemma: extra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction; Translation: outside; Notes: Removal beyond settlement limits.
  14. oppidum — Lemma: oppidum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of extra; Translation: town; Notes: Inhabited area to be protected.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction; Translation: into; Notes: Marks final destination.
  16. locum — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: place; Notes: Disposal site.
  17. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies locum; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritually defiled location.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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