Leviticus 15:10

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:10 et quidquid sub eo fuerit, qui fluxum seminis patitur, pollutum erit usque ad vesperum. Qui portaverit horum aliquid, lavabit vestimenta sua: et ipse lotus aqua, immundus erit usque ad vesperum.

and whatever shall have been under him, who suffers a discharge of seed, shall be defiled until evening. He who shall have carried anything of these, shall wash his garments; and he himself having been washed with water, shall be unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 quidquid whatever NOM.SG.N INDEF.PRON
3 sub under PREP+ABL
4 eo him ABL.SG.M PERS.PRON
5 fuerit shall have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
6 qui who NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
7 fluxum discharge ACC.SG.M
8 seminis of seed GEN.SG.N
9 patitur suffers 3SG.PRES.DEP.IND
10 pollutum defiled NOM.SG.N PERF.PASS.PTCP
11 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 usque until PREP
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M
15 Qui he who NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
16 portaverit shall have carried 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
17 horum of these GEN.PL.N DEM.PRON
18 aliquid anything ACC.SG.N INDEF.PRON
19 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
20 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
21 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.PRON
22 et and CONJ
23 ipse he himself NOM.SG.M PERS.PRON
24 lotus having been washed NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
25 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
26 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M ADJ
27 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
28 usque until PREP
29 ad to PREP+ACC
30 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Rule: quidquid is the head subject and pollutum erit is the predicate stating the resulting status
Locative Phrase: sub eo specifies what is beneath the afflicted man as the locus of contamination
Qualifier: qui fluxum seminis patitur identifies the man whose condition transmits impurity
Temporal Limit: usque ad vesperum sets the endpoint for the defiled status
Parallel Case: Qui portaverit horum aliquid introduces a second legal situation with lavabit vestimenta sua as the required action and immundus erit usque ad vesperum as the resulting duration

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links to the prior rule; Translation: and; Notes: Continues a chain of legal consequences.
  2. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: whatever; Notes: Deliberately universal in scope.
  3. sub — Lemma: sub; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: expresses position; Translation: under; Notes: Focuses on what lies beneath or below.
  4. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of sub; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to the man described by the following relative clause.
  5. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb within the generalizing clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: Typical legal future framing for contingent cases.
  6. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Links the condition to a specific type of man.
  7. fluxum — Lemma: fluxus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: discharge; Notes: The condition is treated as an ongoing state.
  8. seminis — Lemma: semen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of seed; Notes: Specifies the kind of discharge.
  9. patitur — Lemma: patior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative deponent; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: suffers; Notes: Deponent form emphasizes the subject undergoing a condition.
  10. pollutum — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular neuter perfect passive; Function: predicate participle with erit; Translation: defiled; Notes: States the resulting ritual status of the object.
  11. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: Declares the rule as a future legal outcome.
  12. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: introduces a limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks the endpoint of the state described.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: completes the limit phrase; Translation: to; Notes: Regularly used with time boundaries.
  14. vesperum — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard daily terminus for temporary impurity.
  15. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject introducing a parallel case; Translation: he who; Notes: Functions like a legal conditional expressed via a relative.
  16. portaverit — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the parallel case; Translation: shall have carried; Notes: Treats transporting contaminated items as contact by extension.
  17. horum — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: partitive or referential genitive with aliquid; Translation: of these; Notes: Points back to the defiled items just described.
  18. aliquid — Lemma: aliquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: anything; Notes: Broadly includes any item within the referenced set.
  19. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: required action; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Washing is prescribed even though impurity remains for the day.
  20. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of lavabit; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing is treated as a carrier of contamination.
  21. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession tied to the subject of lavabit.
  22. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds a further consequence; Translation: and; Notes: Extends the rule from clothing to the person.
  23. ipse — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: he himself; Notes: Stresses that the carrier becomes affected personally.
  24. lotus — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Indicates the washing has been performed before the stated status.
  25. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Specifies the medium of washing.
  26. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Declares temporary ritual status for the person.
  27. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: Establishes the consequence as a future legal outcome.
  28. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: introduces the limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks the endpoint for the person’s impurity.
  29. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: completes the limit phrase; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time boundaries such as vesperum.
  30. vesperum — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Repeats the standard daily endpoint for impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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