Leviticus 19:22

Posted on April 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

22 orabitque pro eo sacerdos, et pro peccato eius coram Domino, et repropitiabitur ei, dimitteturque peccatum.

and the priest shall pray for him, and for his sin before the LORD, and he shall be reconciled to him, and the sin shall be forgiven.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 orabitque and he shall pray 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 pro for PREP+ABL
3 eo him ABL.SG.M DEM.PRON
4 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M 3RD DECL NOUN
5 et and CONJ
6 pro for PREP+ABL
7 peccato sin ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL NOUN
8 eius his GEN.SG INVAR.PRON
9 coram before PREP+ABL
10 Domino LORD ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL NOUN
11 et and CONJ
12 repropitiabitur he shall be reconciled 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
13 ei to him DAT.SG.M PERS.PRON
14 dimitteturque and it shall be forgiven 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
15 peccatum sin NOM.SG.N 2ND DECL NOUN

Syntax

Main Action: orabitque sacerdos (future indicative expressing prescribed priestly action)

Beneficiary Phrase: pro eo (preposition with ablative indicating intercession on behalf of a person)

Additional Ground: pro peccato eius (prepositional phrase specifying the cause of intercession)

Sacred Setting: coram Domino (preposition with ablative expressing presence before YHWH)

Result Clause: et repropitiabitur ei (future passive indicating the effect of the rite)

Final Outcome: dimitteturque peccatum (future passive stating remission of sin)

Morphology

  1. orabitque — Lemma: oro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of the clause; Translation: he shall pray; Notes: enclitic -que links this action to the preceding ritual sequence.
  2. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces the beneficiary; Translation: for; Notes: commonly used for intercessory action.
  3. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: him; Notes: refers to the offender.
  4. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular third declension; Function: subject; Translation: priest; Notes: the authorized cultic mediator.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links parallel phrases; Translation: and; Notes: additive coordination.
  6. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces cause or ground; Translation: for; Notes: shifts focus from person to offense.
  7. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: culpable act requiring atonement.
  8. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular invariable; Function: modifies peccato; Translation: his; Notes: possessive sense without reflexive form.
  9. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates presence; Translation: before; Notes: expresses liturgical setting.
  10. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: LORD; Notes: rendered in all caps when referring to YHWH.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links result clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continues the legal outcome.
  12. repropitiabitur — Lemma: repropitior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative passive; Function: states the effect of intercession; Translation: he shall be reconciled; Notes: passive emphasizes the received state of restored favor.
  13. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to him; Notes: refers to the offender as beneficiary.
  14. dimitteturque — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative passive; Function: states final consequence; Translation: it shall be forgiven; Notes: enclitic -que joins the remission closely to reconciliation.
  15. peccatum — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular second declension; Function: subject of dimitteturque; Translation: sin; Notes: the offense itself is removed.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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