Leviticus 22:24

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:24 Omne animal, quod vel contritis vel tusis, vel sectis ablatisque testiculis est, non offeretis Domino, et in terra vestra hoc omnino ne faciatis.

Every animal, which has crushed or bruised testicles, or cut and removed ones, you shall not offer to the LORD, and in your land you shall by no means do this.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omne every NOM.SG.N.ADJ
2 animal animal NOM.SG.N
3 quod which NOM.SG.N.REL
4 vel either CONJ
5 contritis crushed ABL.PL.PTCP.PASS
6 vel or CONJ
7 tusis bruised ABL.PL.PTCP.PASS
8 vel or CONJ
9 sectis cut ABL.PL.PTCP.PASS
10 ablatisque and removed ABL.PL.PTCP.PASS+CONJ
11 testiculis testicles ABL.PL.M
12 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 non not ADV
14 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
16 et and CONJ
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 terra land ABL.SG.F
19 vestra your ABL.SG.F.POSS
20 hoc this ACC.SG.N.DEM
21 omnino altogether ADV
22 ne lest / not CONJ
23 faciatis you do 2PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Legal Subject: Omne animal — universal category establishing the scope of the rule.
Relative Description: quod vel contritis vel tusis vel sectis ablatisque testiculis est — specifies disqualifying physical conditions by a series of ablative descriptors.
Main Prohibition: non offeretis Domino — forbids presentation to YHWH.
Territorial Extension: et in terra vestra hoc omnino ne faciatis — expands the ban to all practice within the land, reinforced by a negative subjunctive.

Morphology

  1. Omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifies animal; Translation: “every”; Notes: Establishes totality.
  2. animal — Lemma: animal; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: “animal”; Notes: Generic sacrificial category.
  3. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of est; Translation: “which”; Notes: Refers back to animal.
  4. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternatives; Translation: “either”; Notes: Begins a list of defects.
  5. contritis — Lemma: contero; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle passive); Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: modifies testiculis; Translation: “crushed”; Notes: Severe physical damage.
  6. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Continues disjunction.
  7. tusis — Lemma: tundo; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle passive); Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: modifies testiculis; Translation: “bruised”; Notes: Indicates blunt injury.
  8. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Introduces further condition.
  9. sectis — Lemma: seco; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle passive); Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: modifies testiculis; Translation: “cut”; Notes: Surgical division implied.
  10. ablatisque — Lemma: aufero; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle passive) with enclitic conjunction; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: further modifies testiculis; Translation: “and removed”; Notes: Enclitic -que tightly joins the action.
  11. testiculis — Lemma: testiculus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: reference of the ablative descriptors; Translation: “testicles”; Notes: Specifies reproductive organs.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: Completes the relative clause.
  13. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates offeretis; Translation: “not”; Notes: Absolute negation.
  14. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: main prohibition; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Legislative future.
  15. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links prohibitions.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: “in”; Notes: Territorial scope.
  18. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: The community’s territory.
  19. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies terra; Translation: “your”; Notes: Addresses Israel collectively.
  20. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of faciatis; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to the prohibited action.
  21. omnino — Lemma: omnino; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: intensifier; Translation: “altogether”; Notes: Emphasizes total prohibition.
  22. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces negative command; Translation: “not”; Notes: Governs the subjunctive.
  23. faciatis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural present active subjunctive; Function: negative command; Translation: “you do”; Notes: Prohibitive subjunctive.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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