Leviticus 22:26

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:26 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and spoke NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.DEP+CONJ
2 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 dicens saying NOM.SG.M.PRES.PTCP.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: Locutusque est Dominus — periphrastic perfect using a deponent participle with the copula, joined by enclitic coordination.
Indirect Object Phrase: ad Moysen — marks the recipient of divine speech.
Participial Expansion: dicens — introduces the content of the following direct discourse.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle, deponent) with enclitic conjunction; Form: nominative masculine singular perfect deponent participle + -que; Function: forms the verbal core with est; Translation: “and spoke”; Notes: Deponent perfect expressed periphrastically, with -que linking to prior narrative.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary for the periphrastic perfect; Translation: “is”; Notes: Supplies tense and person to the participle.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as speaker.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: direction/recipient; Translation: “to”; Notes: Common marker of speech addressed to a person.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Covenant mediator.
  6. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: nominative masculine singular present active participle; Function: introduces forthcoming speech; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Formulaic narrative participle preceding divine instruction.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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