Leviticus 22:27

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:27 Bos, ovis, et capra cum genita fuerint, septem diebus erunt sub ubere matris suæ: die autem octavo, et deinceps offerri poterunt Domino.

An ox, a sheep, and a goat, when they have been born, shall be under the udder of their mother for seven days; but on the eighth day, and thereafter, they may be offered to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Bos ox NOM.SG.M
2 ovis sheep NOM.SG.F
3 et and CONJ
4 capra goat NOM.SG.F
5 cum when CONJ
6 genita born NOM.PL.N.PTCP.PASS
7 fuerint have been 3PL.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
8 septem seven INDECL.NUM
9 diebus days ABL.PL.M
10 erunt they shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
11 sub under PREP+ABL
12 ubere udder ABL.SG.N
13 matris mother GEN.SG.F
14 suæ their GEN.SG.F.POSS
15 die day ABL.SG.M
16 autem but ADV
17 octavo eighth ABL.SG.M.ADJ
18 et and CONJ
19 deinceps thereafter ADV
20 offerri to be offered PRES.PASS.INF
21 poterunt they will be able 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
22 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Compound Subject: Bos, ovis, et capra — three animal categories treated collectively.
Temporal Clause: cum genita fuerint — time of birth expressed by perfect subjunctive.
Temporal Duration: septem diebus erunt sub ubere matris suæ — mandated nursing period using ablative of time.
Adversative Transition: die autem octavo — contrast marking a change in status.
Extended Permission: et deinceps offerri poterunt Domino — allowance beginning on the eighth day and continuing thereafter.

Morphology

  1. Bos — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “ox”; Notes: Bovine sacrificial category.
  2. ovis — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: Ovine sacrificial category.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links items in a list.
  4. capra — Lemma: capra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “goat”; Notes: Caprine sacrificial category.
  5. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: Governs the subjunctive.
  6. genita — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle passive); Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: predicate participle; Translation: “born”; Notes: Refers to the animals collectively.
  7. fuerint — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural perfect active subjunctive; Function: auxiliary in the temporal clause; Translation: “have been”; Notes: Standard construction after cum.
  8. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Fixed numeric term.
  9. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “days”; Notes: Duration of the restriction.
  10. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: Legislative future.
  11. sub — Lemma: sub; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: “under”; Notes: Physical placement.
  12. ubere — Lemma: uber; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of sub; Translation: “udder”; Notes: Indicates nursing.
  13. matris — Lemma: mater; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies ubere; Translation: “mother”; Notes: Biological source.
  14. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies matris; Translation: “their”; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  15. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “day”; Notes: Marks the transition point.
  16. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative; Translation: “but”; Notes: Introduces contrast.
  17. octavo — Lemma: octavus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “eighth”; Notes: Threshold for eligibility.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links continuation.
  19. deinceps — Lemma: deinceps; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal extension; Translation: “thereafter”; Notes: Ongoing permission.
  20. offerri — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: “to be offered”; Notes: Passive focuses on eligibility.
  21. poterunt — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: verb of permission; Translation: “they will be able”; Notes: Grants allowance.
  22. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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