Leviticus 23:14

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

14 Panem, et polentam, et pultes non comedetis ex segete, usque ad diem qua offeretis ex ea Deo vestro. Præceptum est sempiternum in generationibus, cunctisque habitaculis vestris.

You shall not eat bread, nor parched grain, nor porridge from the harvest, until the day on which you offer from it to your God. It is a perpetual statute throughout your generations and in all your dwellings.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Panem bread ACC.SG.M
2 et and CONJ
3 polentam parched grain ACC.SG.F
4 et and CONJ
5 pultes porridge ACC.PL.F
6 non not ADV
7 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
8 ex from PREP+ABL
9 segete harvest ABL.SG.F
10 usque until ADV
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 diem day ACC.SG.M
13 qua on which ABL.SG.F.REL
14 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 ex from PREP+ABL
16 ea it ABL.SG.F.DEM
17 Deo to God DAT.SG.M
18 vestro your DAT.SG.M.POSS
19 Præceptum statute NOM.SG.N
20 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
21 sempiternum perpetual NOM.SG.N.ADJ
22 in in PREP+ABL
23 generationibus generations ABL.PL.F
24 cunctisque and all ABL.PL.N.ADJ+CONJ
25 habitaculis dwellings ABL.PL.N
26 vestris your ABL.PL.N.POSS

Syntax

Absolute Prohibition: Panem … non comedetis ex segete — coordinated accusative objects with a legislative future verb forbidding consumption from the new harvest.
Temporal Limitation: usque ad diem qua offeretis ex ea Deo vestro — limit of prohibition marked by a prepositional phrase and a defining relative clause.
Legal Declaration: Præceptum est sempiternum — copular clause stating enduring legal force.
Scope of Application: in generationibus, cunctisque habitaculis vestris — ablatives extending the statute across time and space.

Morphology

  1. Panem — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Basic processed grain food.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links prohibited items.
  3. polentam — Lemma: polenta; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “parched grain”; Notes: Grain prepared by roasting.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the list.
  5. pultes — Lemma: pultes; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “porridge”; Notes: Boiled grain preparation.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: Absolute prohibition.
  7. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: prohibitive command; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: Legislative future expressing law.
  8. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates origin.
  9. segete — Lemma: seges; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of ex; Translation: “harvest”; Notes: Standing or newly gathered grain.
  10. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: limit marker; Translation: “until”; Notes: Sets temporal boundary.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: direction in time; Translation: “to”; Notes: Completes the limit expression.
  12. diem — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “day”; Notes: Specific ritual date.
  13. qua — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: temporal relative; Translation: “on which”; Notes: Refers to dies as time reference.
  14. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: ritual command; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Prescribed cultic action.
  15. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Refers back to the harvest.
  16. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of ex; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to segete.
  17. Deo — Lemma: deus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to God”; Notes: Recipient of the offering.
  18. vestro — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: modifies Deo; Translation: “your”; Notes: Covenant relationship emphasized.
  19. Præceptum — Lemma: præceptum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: “statute”; Notes: Formal legal decree.
  20. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: States enduring status.
  21. sempiternum — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “perpetual”; Notes: Emphasizes permanence.
  22. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location/scope; Translation: “in”; Notes: Introduces spheres of application.
  23. generationibus — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: temporal scope; Translation: “generations”; Notes: Extends the law across time.
  24. cunctisque — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: Adjective with enclitic conjunction; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: modifies habitaculis; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Enclitic -que widens scope.
  25. habitaculis — Lemma: habitaculum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: locative scope; Translation: “dwellings”; Notes: Applies wherever Israel lives.
  26. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative neuter plural; Function: modifies habitaculis; Translation: “your”; Notes: Addresses the covenant community.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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