Leviticus 25:45

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:45 Et de advenis qui peregrinantur apud vos, vel qui ex his nati fuerint in terra vestra, hos habebitis famulos:

And from the foreigners who sojourn among you, or from those who are born from them in your land, these you shall have as servants;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 de from PREP+ABL
3 advenis foreigners ABL.PL.M.3RD.DECL
4 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
5 peregrinantur sojourn 3PL.PRES.IND.DEP
6 apud among PREP+ACC
7 vos you ACC.PL.PERS.PRON
8 vel or CONJ
9 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
10 ex from PREP+ABL
11 his them ABL.PL.M.DEM.PRON
12 nati born NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
13 fuerint have been 3PL.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 terra land ABL.SG.F.1ST.DECL
16 vestra your ABL.SG.F.POSS.ADJ
17 hos these ACC.PL.M.DEM.PRON
18 habebitis you shall have 2PL.FUT.IND.ACT
19 famulos servants ACC.PL.M.2ND.DECL

Syntax

Source Specification: de advenis — prepositional phrase indicating origin.
Relative Clause (Sojourners): qui peregrinantur apud vos — describes resident foreigners living among the community.
Alternative Source: vel qui ex his nati fuerint in terra vestra — relative clause with perfect subjunctive identifying those born locally from foreigners.
Main Provision: hos habebitis famulos — future indicative stating the legal status assigned.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the legal enumeration.
  2. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Marks origin or derivation.
  3. advenis — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, third declension; Function: object of de; Translation: foreigners; Notes: Resident aliens living among Israel.
  4. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of peregrinantur; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to advenis.
  5. peregrinantur — Lemma: peregrinor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative deponent; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: sojourn; Notes: Deponent highlights ongoing residence.
  6. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: association; Translation: among; Notes: Indicates living within the community.
  7. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of apud; Translation: you; Notes: Addresses the covenant people.
  8. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Introduces an additional qualifying group.
  9. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of fuerint; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to descendants.
  10. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin.
  11. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of ex; Translation: them; Notes: Refers back to the foreigners.
  12. nati — Lemma: nascor; Part of Speech: perfect passive participle; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate participle; Translation: born; Notes: Indicates birth status.
  13. fuerint — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: have been; Notes: Subjunctive fits relative description in legal language.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates place.
  15. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of in; Translation: land; Notes: Territorial reference.
  16. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies terra; Translation: your; Notes: Identifies covenant territory.
  17. hos — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: these; Notes: Summarizes the groups described.
  18. habebitis — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall have; Notes: Future indicative with prescriptive force.
  19. famulos — Lemma: famulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, second declension; Function: predicate accusative; Translation: servants; Notes: Defines the assigned status.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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