Leviticus 27:21

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

21 quia cum iubilei venerit dies, sanctificatus erit Domino, et possessio consecrata ad ius pertinet sacerdotum.

because when the day of the jubilee will have come, it shall be sanctified to the LORD, and the consecrated possession belongs by right to the priests.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quia because CONJ
2 cum when CONJ
3 iubilei of jubilee NOUN.GEN.SG.N
4 venerit will have come 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
5 dies day NOUN.NOM.SG.M
6 sanctificatus sanctified PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.SG.M
7 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 possessio possession NOUN.NOM.SG.F
11 consecrata consecrated PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.SG.F
12 ad to PREP+ACC
13 ius right NOUN.ACC.SG.N
14 pertinet belongs 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
15 sacerdotum of priests NOUN.GEN.PL.M

Syntax

Causal Clause: quia introduces the reason for the preceding regulation.

Temporal Subordinate Clause: cum + dies (subject) + venerit (verb), with dependent genitive iubilei specifying the day.

Main Clause 1: sanctificatus erit (future passive periphrasis) + dative Domino; subject implied from context referring to the vowed property.

Main Clause 2: possessio (subject) + participial modifier consecrata + prepositional phrase ad ius + pertinet (verb) + genitive sacerdotum indicating legal possession.

Morphology

  1. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: because; Notes: explains legal consequence tied to jubilee.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: temporal conjunction with subjunctive; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: marks occurrence of jubilee day.
  3. iubilei — Lemma: iubileum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter second declension; Function: dependent genitive with dies; Translation: of jubilee; Notes: identifies specific sacred year.
  4. venerit — Lemma: venire; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive fourth conjugation; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: will have come; Notes: expresses completion of arrival before consequence.
  5. dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine fifth declension; Function: subject of venerit; Translation: day; Notes: refers to the jubilee day marking release.
  6. sanctificatus — Lemma: sanctificare; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate participle with erit; Translation: sanctified; Notes: indicates sacred status at jubilee.
  7. erit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: auxiliary with sanctificatus; Translation: will be; Notes: future tense states result at jubilee.
  8. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: dative of reference/recipient; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH as sacred owner.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links coordinate clause; Translation: and; Notes: joins two legal consequences.
  10. possessio — Lemma: possessio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine third declension; Function: subject of pertinet; Translation: possession; Notes: refers to vowed land.
  11. consecrata — Lemma: consecrare; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies possessio; Translation: consecrated; Notes: stresses permanent sacred dedication.
  12. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces legal relation; Translation: to; Notes: expresses direction toward legal right.
  13. ius — Lemma: ius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: right; Notes: denotes legal entitlement.
  14. pertinet — Lemma: pertinere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative second conjugation; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: belongs; Notes: expresses legal ownership.
  15. sacerdotum — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine third declension; Function: genitive dependent on ius; Translation: of priests; Notes: identifies priestly legal possession.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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