Numeri 10:18 (Numbers 10:18)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:18 Profectique sunt et filii Ruben, per turmas et ordinem suum: quorum princeps erat Helisur filius Sedeur.

And the sons of Ruben also set out by their companies and their order, whose leader was Helisur the son of Sedeur.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Profectique and having set out PERF.PTCP.DEP.NOM.PL.M+CONJ
2 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 et also CONJ
4 filii sons NOM.PL.M
5 Ruben Reuben INDECL
6 per by PREP+ACC
7 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
8 et and CONJ
9 ordinem order ACC.SG.M
10 suum their ACC.SG.M.POSS
11 quorum whose GEN.PL.M.REL
12 princeps leader NOM.SG.M
13 erat was 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
14 Helisur Elizur INDECL
15 filius son NOM.SG.M
16 Sedeur Shedeur INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: filii Ruben (subject) + Profectique sunt (perfect deponent verbal expression) + per turmas et ordinem suum (prepositional phrase of arrangement).

Phrase: et — connective emphasizing continuation (“also”).

Relative Clause: quorum princeps erat Helisur filius Sedeur — identifies the leader.

Phrase: filius Sedeur — appositional phrase indicating lineage.

Morphology

  1. Profectique — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle deponent nominative plural masculine with enclitic conjunction -que; Function: forms perfect tense with sunt; Translation: and having set out; Notes: Deponent verb expressing completed departure.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: they are; Notes: With participle forms perfect tense.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective; Translation: also; Notes: Adds continuation to narrative.
  4. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to tribal members.
  5. Ruben — Lemma: Ruben; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Ruben; Notes: Identifies the tribe.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces arrangement; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates distribution or grouping.
  7. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: Refers to divisions.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects objects; Translation: and; Notes: Links arrangement elements.
  9. ordinem — Lemma: ordo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: order; Notes: Indicates structured sequence.
  10. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies ordinem; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive, referring to subject.
  11. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: whose; Notes: Refers back to filii.
  12. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of erat; Translation: leader; Notes: Indicates chief.
  13. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: was; Notes: Describes past state.
  14. Helisur — Lemma: Helisur; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Helisur; Notes: Name of leader.
  15. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: son; Notes: Indicates lineage.
  16. Sedeur — Lemma: Sedeur; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Sedeur; Notes: Identifies the father.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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