Numeri 2:3 (Numbers 2:3)

Posted on April 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 2:3 Ad Orientem Iudas figet tentoria per turmas exercitus sui: eritque princeps filiorum eius Nahasson filius Aminadab.

To the East Judah shall pitch tents according to the companies of his army, and the prince of his sons shall be Nahasson son of Aminadab.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ad toward PREP+ACC
2 Orientem east ACC.SG.M
3 Iudas Judah NOM.SG.M
4 figet will pitch 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 tentoria tents ACC.PL.N
6 per according to PREP+ACC
7 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
8 exercitus army GEN.SG.M
9 sui his GEN.SG.M
10 eritque and will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 princeps leader NOM.SG.M
12 filiorum of sons GEN.PL.M
13 eius his GEN.SG.M
14 Nahasson Nahshon NOM.SG.M
15 filius son NOM.SG.M
16 Aminadab Amminadab INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Iudas (subject) + figet (main verb) + tentoria (direct object).

Directional Phrase: Ad Orientem — indicates the eastern position of the camp.

Prepositional Phrase of Organization: per turmas exercitus sui — describes the arrangement according to the companies of the army.

Coordinated Clause: eritque princeps filiorum eius Nahasson filius Aminadab — identifies the leader of the tribe.

Morphology

  1. Ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative case; Function: introduces directional phrase; Translation: toward; Notes: indicates spatial orientation.
  2. Orientem — Lemma: oriens; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine third declension; Function: object of Ad; Translation: east; Notes: refers to the eastern side of the camp.
  3. Iudas — Lemma: Iudas; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine first declension; Function: subject of figet; Translation: Judah; Notes: name of the tribe descended from Judah.
  4. figet — Lemma: figo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person singular third conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: will pitch; Notes: refers to establishing tents in the camp.
  5. tentoria — Lemma: tentorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter second declension; Function: direct object of figet; Translation: tents; Notes: refers to the encampment structures.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative case; Function: introduces distributive phrase; Translation: according to; Notes: indicates organization by units.
  7. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine first declension; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: denotes military divisions.
  8. exercitus — Lemma: exercitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine fourth declension; Function: genitive modifier of turmas; Translation: army; Notes: identifies the military organization.
  9. sui — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine agreeing with exercitus; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: his; Notes: refers to the army belonging to Judah.
  10. eritque — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: future active indicative third person singular + enclitic -que; Function: verb of the second clause; Translation: and will be; Notes: introduces identification of the leader.
  11. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: leader; Notes: denotes the tribal chief.
  12. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine second declension; Function: genitive modifier of princeps; Translation: of sons; Notes: refers to the members of the tribe.
  13. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of filiorum; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Judah.
  14. Nahasson — Lemma: Nahasson; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition identifying the leader; Translation: Nahasson; Notes: chief of the tribe of Judah.
  15. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: appositional descriptor; Translation: son; Notes: introduces the patronymic identification.
  16. Aminadab — Lemma: Aminadab; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival relation with filius; Translation: Aminadab; Notes: father of Nahasson.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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