Numeri 3:39 (Numbers 3:39)

Posted on April 30, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 3:39 Omnes Levitæ, quos numeraverunt Moyses et Aaron iuxta præceptum Domini per familias suas in genere masculino a mense uno et supra, fuerunt viginti duo millia.

All the Levites, whom Moyses and Aaron numbered according to the command of the LORD by their families in the male kind from one month and above, were twenty-two thousand.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnes all NOM.PL.M
2 Levitæ Levites NOM.PL.M
3 quos whom REL.ACC.PL.M
4 numeraverunt they numbered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
5 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M.INDECL
8 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
9 præceptum command ACC.SG.N
10 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
11 per by PREP+ACC
12 familias families ACC.PL.F
13 suas their POSS.ACC.PL.F
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 genere kind ABL.SG.N
16 masculino male ABL.SG.N
17 a from PREP+ABL
18 mense month ABL.SG.M
19 uno one ABL.SG.M
20 et and CONJ
21 supra above ADV
22 fuerunt were 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
23 viginti twenty NUM
24 duo two NUM
25 millia thousand ACC.PL.N

Syntax

Main Clause: Omnes Levitæ (subject) + fuerunt (verb) + viginti duo millia (predicate expression).

Relative Clause: quos numeraverunt Moyses et Aaron — modifies Levitæ.

Prepositional Phrase: iuxta præceptum Domini — expresses standard or authority.

Prepositional Phrase: per familias suas — indicates distribution.

Prepositional Phrase: in genere masculino — specifies classification.

Prepositional Phrase: a mense uno et supra — indicates age range.

Morphology

  1. Omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject modifier; Translation: all; Notes: Refers collectively to Levites.
  2. Levitæ — Lemma: Levita; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Levites; Notes: Members of the Levitical tribe.
  3. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of numeraverunt; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers back to Levites.
  4. numeraverunt — Lemma: numero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: they numbered; Notes: Completed action.
  5. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of numeraverunt; Translation: Moses; Notes: Leader of Israel.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links subjects; Translation: and; Notes: Connects names.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine indeclinable; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest.
  8. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces standard; Translation: according to; Notes: Expresses conformity.
  9. præceptum — Lemma: præceptum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: command; Notes: Directive authority.
  10. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies præceptum; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces distribution; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates grouping.
  12. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: families; Notes: Social units.
  13. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies familias; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive reference.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces classification; Translation: in; Notes: Categorizing phrase.
  15. genere — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: kind; Notes: Category marker.
  16. masculino — Lemma: masculinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies genere; Translation: male; Notes: Gender specification.
  17. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces starting point; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates age beginning.
  18. mense — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: month; Notes: Time reference.
  19. uno — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies mense; Translation: one; Notes: Specifies age.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects phrases; Translation: and; Notes: Adds extension.
  21. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies phrase; Translation: above; Notes: Means “and older.”
  22. fuerunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: were; Notes: Indicates total result.
  23. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies millia; Translation: twenty; Notes: Cardinal number.
  24. duo — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: part of numeral expression; Translation: two; Notes: Completes number.
  25. millia — Lemma: mille; Part of Speech: numeral noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: predicate numeral; Translation: thousand; Notes: Used in plural for large counts.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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