Numeri 7:3 (Numbers 7:3)

Posted on May 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

3 munera coram Domino sex plaustra tecta cum duodecim bobus. Unum plaustrum obtulere duo duces, et unum bovem singuli, obtuleruntque ea in conspectu tabernaculi.

gifts before the LORD, six covered carts with twelve oxen. One cart two leaders offered, and one ox each, and they brought them into the sight of the tabernacle.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 munera gifts ACC.PL.N
2 coram before PREP+ABL
3 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
4 sex six INDECL
5 plaustra carts ACC.PL.N
6 tecta covered ACC.PL.N PERF.PASS.PTCP
7 cum with PREP+ABL
8 duodecim twelve INDECL
9 bobus oxen ABL.PL.M
10 Unum one ACC.SG.N
11 plaustrum cart ACC.SG.N
12 obtulere they offered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
13 duo two NOM.PL.M
14 duces leaders NOM.PL.M
15 et and CONJ
16 unum one ACC.SG.M
17 bovem ox ACC.SG.M
18 singuli each NOM.PL.M
19 obtuleruntque and they offered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
20 ea them ACC.PL.N DEM
21 in in PREP+ACC
22 conspectu sight ACC.SG.M
23 tabernaculi of tabernacle GEN.SG.N

Syntax

Object Phrase: munera coram Domino — munera functions as the object implied from previous context, with coram Domino indicating presence.

Descriptive Phrase: sex plaustra tecta cum duodecim bobus elaborates the nature of the gifts.

Main Clause 1: Unum plaustrum obtulere duo duces — duo duces is subject, obtulere the verb, and unum plaustrum the object.

Main Clause 2: et unum bovem singuli — elliptical construction where obtulere is implied.

Main Clause 3: obtuleruntque ea in conspectu tabernaculi — full clause with verb, object, and prepositional phrase.

Morphology

  1. munera — Lemma: munus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: gifts; Notes: Offerings presented.
  2. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces phrase; Translation: before; Notes: Indicates presence.
  3. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  4. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies plaustra; Translation: six; Notes: Cardinal number.
  5. plaustra — Lemma: plaustrum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object; Translation: carts; Notes: Transport vehicles.
  6. tecta — Lemma: tego; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural neuter perfect passive participle; Function: modifies plaustra; Translation: covered; Notes: Descriptive quality.
  7. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: Indicates addition.
  8. duodecim — Lemma: duodecim; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies bobus; Translation: twelve; Notes: Cardinal number.
  9. bobus — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: oxen; Notes: Animals used for transport.
  10. Unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies plaustrum; Translation: one; Notes: Specifies quantity.
  11. plaustrum — Lemma: plaustrum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: cart; Notes: Single unit.
  12. obtulere — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: they offered; Notes: Completed offering.
  13. duo — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies duces; Translation: two; Notes: Cardinal number.
  14. duces — Lemma: dux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: leaders; Notes: Tribal heads.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Connects actions.
  16. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies bovem; Translation: one; Notes: Specifies quantity.
  17. bovem — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: ox; Notes: Individual animal.
  18. singuli — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: each; Notes: Distributive sense.
  19. obtuleruntque — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative with enclitic conjunction; Function: main verb; Translation: and they offered; Notes: Continues sequence.
  20. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to offerings.
  21. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces phrase; Translation: in; Notes: Directional sense.
  22. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: sight; Notes: Visible presence.
  23. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies conspectu; Translation: of tabernacle; Notes: Sacred structure.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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