Numeri 13:1 (Numbers 13:1)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:1 Profectusque est populus de Haseroth fixis tentoriis in deserto Pharan.

And the people set out from Haseroth, with tents having been pitched in the desert of Pharan.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Profectusque and having set out NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP.DEP
2 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 populus the people NOM.SG.M
4 de from PREP+ABL
5 Haseroth Hazeroth ABL.SG.INDECL
6 fixis having been pitched ABL.PL.N PERF.PTCP.PASS
7 tentoriis tents ABL.PL.N
8 in in PREP+ABL
9 deserto the desert ABL.SG.N
10 Pharan Paran GEN.SG.INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: populus is the subject, while Profectusque est functions as the main verb meaning “set out.”

Phrase: de Haseroth indicates the place of departure.

Phrase: fixis tentoriis is an ablative absolute expressing circumstance, “with tents having been pitched.”

Phrase: in deserto Pharan expresses location, with Pharan specifying the desert.

Clause Function: The clause narrates movement, supplemented by an ablative absolute providing contextual background.

Morphology

  1. Profectusque — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle nominative singular masculine deponent with enclitic conjunction; Function: forms the main verb with est, agreeing with populus; Translation: and having set out; Notes: Deponent verb using a perfect participle with auxiliary to express completed action.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary completing the perfect sense; Translation: is; Notes: Combines with a perfect participle to produce a perfect tense meaning.
  3. populus — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: subject of the clause; Translation: the people; Notes: Collective singular referring to the community.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: introduces separation; Translation: from; Notes: Marks the point of departure.
  5. Haseroth — Lemma: Haseroth; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular indeclinable; Function: object of de; Translation: Haseroth; Notes: Semitic place name treated as indeclinable.
  6. fixis — Lemma: figo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect passive participle ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies tentoriis in ablative absolute; Translation: having been pitched; Notes: Indicates completed prior or simultaneous action.
  7. tentoriis — Lemma: tentorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter second declension; Function: noun in ablative absolute; Translation: tents; Notes: Forms circumstantial construction with fixis.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: in; Notes: Expresses position within a place.
  9. deserto — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: the desert; Notes: Specifies wilderness region.
  10. Pharan — Lemma: Pharan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: genitive dependent on deserto; Translation: of Pharan; Notes: Identifies the specific desert by name.

 

Numeri 13:1 (Numbers 13:1) = Numeri 12:16 (Numbers 12:16)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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