Numeri 18:19 (Numbers 18:19)

Posted on May 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 18:19 Omnes primitias Sanctuarii, quas offerunt filii Israel Domino, tibi dedi et filiis, ac filiabus tuis iure perpetuo. Pactum salis est sempiternum coram Domino, tibi ac filiis tuis.

All the firstfruits of the Sanctuary, which the sons of Israel offer to the LORD, I have given to you and to your sons and your daughters by a perpetual right. It is an everlasting covenant of salt before the LORD, for you and your sons.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnes all ACC.PL.F
2 primitias firstfruits ACC.PL.F
3 Sanctuarii of Sanctuary GEN.SG.N
4 quas which ACC.PL.F.REL
5 offerunt they offer 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
6 filii sons NOM.PL.M
7 Israel Israel INDECL
8 Domino to LORD DAT.SG.M
9 tibi to you DAT.SG
10 dedi I have given 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 et and CONJ
12 filiis to sons DAT.PL.M
13 ac and CONJ
14 filiabus to daughters DAT.PL.F
15 tuis your DAT.PL.F.POSS
16 iure by right ABL.SG.N
17 perpetuo perpetual ABL.SG.N
18 Pactum covenant NOM.SG.N
19 salis of salt GEN.SG.N
20 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
21 sempiternum everlasting NOM.SG.N
22 coram before PREP+ABL
23 Domino LORD ABL.SG.M
24 tibi for you DAT.SG
25 ac and CONJ
26 filiis for sons DAT.PL.M
27 tuis your DAT.PL.M.POSS

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Omnes primitias Sanctuarii (direct object) + dedi (verb) + tibi et filiis ac filiabus tuis (indirect objects)

Relative Clause: quas offerunt filii Israel Domino
→ filii Israel (subject)
→ offerunt (verb)
→ quas (direct object)
→ Domino (dative of recipient)

Ablative Phrase: iure perpetuo — legal manner or basis

Main Clause 2: Pactum salis (subject) + est (copulative verb) + sempiternum (predicate adjective)

Prepositional Phrase: coram Domino — relational setting before YHWH

Dative Phrase: tibi ac filiis tuis — beneficiaries of covenant

Morphology

  1. Omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies primitias; Translation: all; Notes: expresses totality.
  2. primitias — Lemma: primitiae; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: firstfruits; Notes: earliest sacred offerings.
  3. Sanctuarii — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, second declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying primitias; Translation: of Sanctuary; Notes: associated with holy offerings.
  4. quas — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object in relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to primitias.
  5. offerunt — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person plural; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: they offer; Notes: sacrificial presentation.
  6. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, second declension; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: sons; Notes: Israelites.
  7. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies filii; Translation: Israel; Notes: retains Hebrew form.
  8. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  9. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular second person; Function: indirect object; Translation: to you; Notes: recipient of the sacred allotment.
  10. dedi — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, first person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: I have given; Notes: completed act of divine granting.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins indirect objects; Translation: and; Notes: additive relation.
  12. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to sons; Notes: priestly descendants.
  13. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins nouns; Translation: and; Notes: emphatic connective.
  14. filiabus — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural feminine, first declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to daughters; Notes: female members of priestly household.
  15. tuis — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: dative plural feminine; Function: modifies filiabus; Translation: your; Notes: possessive relation.
  16. iure — Lemma: ius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, third declension; Function: ablative of manner or basis; Translation: by right; Notes: legal entitlement.
  17. perpetuo — Lemma: perpetuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies iure; Translation: perpetual; Notes: enduring validity.
  18. Pactum — Lemma: pactum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: covenant; Notes: binding agreement.
  19. salis — Lemma: sal; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, third declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying Pactum; Translation: of salt; Notes: symbolic of permanence and fidelity.
  20. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: is; Notes: links subject and predicate.
  21. sempiternum — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: everlasting; Notes: emphasizes permanence.
  22. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces relational setting; Translation: before; Notes: in the presence of.
  23. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  24. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular second person; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: for you; Notes: beneficiary of covenant.
  25. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins datives; Translation: and; Notes: additive connection.
  26. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine, second declension; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: for sons; Notes: priestly descendants.
  27. tuis — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: your; Notes: possessive relation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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