Numeri 18:25 (Numbers 18:25)

Posted on May 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 18:25 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and having spoken PTCP.NOM.SG.M.PERF.DEP+CONJ
2 est he is/was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 dicens saying PTCP.NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus (subject) + Locutus est (deponent verbal expression) + ad Moysen (prepositional indirect object)

Participial Modifier: dicens — present participle introducing direct discourse or forthcoming speech

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect deponent participle nominative singular masculine with enclitic conjunction -que; Function: part of deponent verbal construction with est; Translation: and having spoken; Notes: deponent verb expressed with perfect participle plus auxiliary.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person singular; Function: auxiliary verb with Locutusque; Translation: he is/was; Notes: forms the perfect tense of the deponent verb.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object or direction; Translation: to; Notes: indicates the recipient of speech.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moyses; Notes: recipient of divine communication.
  6. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Dominus and introduces forthcoming speech; Translation: saying; Notes: common narrative participle preceding quotations.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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