Exodus 19:8

Posted on March 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 19:8 Responditque omnis populus simul: Cuncta quæ locutus est Dominus, faciemus. Cumque retulisset Moyses verba populi ad Dominum,

And all the people together answered: “All the things that the LORD has spoken, we will do.” And when Moyses had brought back the words of the people to the LORD,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Responditque and answered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 omnis all ADJ.NOM.SG.M/F (used collectively)
3 populus people NOUN.NOM.SG.M
4 simul together ADV
5 Cuncta all things ADJ.ACC.PL.N
6 quæ which PRON.REL.ACC.PL.N
7 locutus having spoken PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M
8 est has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 Dominus LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
10 faciemus we will do 1PL.FUT.ACT.IND
11 Cumque and when CONJ + ENCLITIC
12 retulisset had brought back 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
13 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
14 verba words NOUN.ACC.PL.N
15 populi of the people NOUN.GEN.SG.M
16 ad to PREP+ACC
17 Dominum LORD NOUN.ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause:
Responditque omnis populus simul — subject is omnis populus, adverb simul indicating unity.

Quoted Content:
Cuncta quæ locutus est Dominus, faciemus — future indicative faciemus expresses solemn covenant commitment.

Relative Clause:
quæ locutus est Dominus — deponent participle + est.

Temporal Clause:
Cumque retulisset Moyses verba populi ad Dominum — pluperfect emphasizes completed action before the next divine response.

Morphology

  1. Responditque — Lemma: respondeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular + enclitic -que; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: and answered; Notes: enclitic connects with prior verse.
  2. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular (collective); Function: modifies populus; Translation: all; Notes: collective singular for the whole nation.
  3. populus — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: people; Notes: covenant assembly.
  4. simul — Lemma: simul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies respondit; Translation: together; Notes: emphasizes unity.
  5. Cuncta — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of faciemus; Translation: all things; Notes: comprehensive obedience.
  6. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: introduces object clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to divine commands.
  7. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: with est forms perfect; Translation: having spoken; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has; Notes: completes deponent perfect.
  9. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of locutus est; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. faciemus — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 1st plural; Function: main verb of people’s response; Translation: we will do; Notes: covenant vow.
  11. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: conjunction + enclitic; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: links scenes.
  12. retulisset — Lemma: refero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: had brought back; Notes: marks completed action.
  13. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of retulisset; Translation: Moses; Notes: mediator role.
  14. verba — Lemma: verbum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: words; Notes: the people’s response.
  15. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: of the people; Notes: identifies whose words.
  16. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: toward God.
  17. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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